以企业自然天赋为基础而重建的生产者理论

Reestablishing the producer theory on the basis of frms′natural endowments

由于当今的经济及商学理论所得到的预测及结论与现实相差甚远,许多当代的理论家和实践工作者呼吁全面地,重新建立基础经济及商学相关的理论,从而使所得出的结论以及预测比以往更接近现实.本文代表这个浩瀚工程中的一部分努力.在论证了这个工程在理论和实践上的重要性之后,以公司自然天赋为基础来重新建立当代流行的生产者理论.由于所选推理基础的新颖性,能够重新审视在什么条件下生产者理论中的一些众所周知的结果仍然成立;同时推广了Hotelling引理和Shepard引理.尽管应用了Gerard Debreu在20世纪50年代就采用的,并且在文献中广泛应用的集合论方法,但是在推理中仅仅使用极少数量的必需且明显的在现实中成立的条件.本文论证的一系列重要结论包括:每家公司都有自己的,与其他公司往往不同的对最优值和优化方法的特定定义.由于这个原因,即使每个经济体最大化自身的利益,这些主体也不会自然地共同创造一个整体上更好的社会.也就是说,亚当·斯密的看不见的手在现实生活中并不存在.在文章的最后,为未来的研究提出了一些重要课题.

This paper is one part of the comprehensive effort to reestablish the basic economic theories so that derived conclusions are closer to real life than before,as called for by various leading theorists and practitioners of our time.After arguing for the significance of such effort both theoretically and practically,this work narrows its attention to the redevelopment of the prevalent producer theory on the basis of natural endowments of firms.Because of the novelty of this adopted foundation of reasoning,we are able to revisit some of the well-known results and see how they hold true only conditionally,while generalizing Hotelling′s Lemma and Shepard′s Lemma.Although we apply the same set-theoretical approach as initially employed by Gerard Debreu in 1950s and as widely done in the literature,only a few most necessary and obviously true conditions are imposed in our reasonings.Among a list of important conclusions,we show that each firm has its particular definition of optimality and method of optimization,which tend to be different from those of other firms.Because of this reason,even when each economic agent maximizes its self-interest,these agents do not collectively produce a better society as a whole.That is,Adam Smith′s invisible hand does not exist in real life.At the end of this presentation,several important questions for future research are suggested.