民间传说的功能转向与文化成因

The Functional Turn of Folk Legend and Its Cultural Causes

民间传说建构了一个传统的文化记忆,承载了一个地域的生活世界,其社会功能显在而强大,不仅完成了特定族群的精神叙事,也实现了特定空间的认同性想象。非遗时代对民间传说的高扬与重塑,全方位地激活了民间传说的社会功能,其多维转向与文化成因值得深入讨论。多维转向主要体现在地域维度、媒介维度和时空维度三方面,文化成因则主要体现为民间传说的内生文化逻辑和外在社会推动,以及由此促成的功能转向形态。消极形态功能转向的存在提醒我们需对民间传说的功能转向进行文化审视和现实考量,并着力处理好“传统与现代”“保护与利用”及其“局内与局外”等多重关系。

Folk legend has constructed the cultural memories of tradition and carried the regional life-world.By its obvious and powerful social function,folk legend has not only realized the spiritual narrative of a specific ethnic group,but also represented the imagination of the identity of a specific space.In the current context of intangible cultural heritage,folk legend has been highly valued and reshaped,and its social function has been fully activated.Therefore,the multi-dimensional turn is mainly shown in three aspects:the geographical dimension,the media dimension and the time-space dimension.The cultural causes are mainly reflected in the endogenous cultural logic of folk legend and the external social promotion,and the resulting forms of functional turn.The existence of the negative form of functional turn reminds us that we need to carry out cultural examination and practical consideration of the functional turn of folk legend,and focus on handling the multiple relationships of“tradition and modernity”,“protection and utilization”and“internal and external”.