应力纤维调控干细胞分化作用机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanism of stress fibers regulating stem cell differentiation

干细胞是组织工程与再生医学的重要种子细胞来源,但如何更有效地定向调控干细胞的分化及功能,仍是组织再生领域面临的挑战。应力纤维(SF)是细胞内普遍存在的一类细胞骨架成分,其表达水平的动态变化可显著影响细胞的形态和迁移。此外,在干细胞分化过程中,SF可介导机械敏感性转录共激活因子MRTF-A和YAP在细胞核内外重新分布,从而影响多种干细胞的分化进程;同时SF还可通过核膜锚定的关键物质LINC复合物和Emerin蛋白调控干细胞的定向分化。这些研究成果提示SF是影响干细胞结构和功能的重要分子基础。本文重点概述SF调控干细胞分化的途径以及不同调控途径的分子机制,以期为建立更精确有效的干细胞分化调控体系提供理论依据。

Stem cells are important sources of seed cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, but how to control the differentiation direction and function of stem cells more effectively is still a challenge in the field of tissue regeneration. Stress fiber is a kind of cytoskeleton component widely existing in cells. The dynamic change of its expression level will significantly change the morphology and migration of cells. In addition, in the process of stem cell differentiation, stress fibers can mediate the redistribution of some transcription coactivators(MRTF-A and YAP) across the nucleus, thus changing the differentiation process of many kinds of stem cells. At the same time, stress fibers also regulate the differentiation direction of stem cells through LINC complex and Emerin protein, which are the key substances anchored to the nuclear membrane. These results suggest that stress fibers are important molecular basis for regulating the structure and function of stem cells.Therefore, this paper will focus on outlining the ways in which stress fibers regulate stem cell differentiation and the molecular mechanisms of different regulatory pathways, in order to provide theoretical and experimental basis for establishing a more accurate and effective technical system for regulating stem cell differentiation.