广西南瓜属地方资源遗传多样性分析与鉴定评价

Genetic Diversity Analysis,Identification and Evaluation of Cucurbita L.Germplasm Resources in Guangxi Autonomous Region of China

为了保护地方种质资源遗传多样性和摸清家底,农业农村部和广西政府先后启动“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”项目和广西创新驱动专项“广西农作物种质收集鉴定与保存”,借此对广西区内南瓜属地方资源开展系统性收集,并从植物形态、果实性状、开花习性、口感品质和抗性等农艺性状对地方资源进行鉴定与评价。试验结果表明:261份南瓜属地方资源分布在广西各地,桂北、桂西和桂东地区保存种质资源数量高于其他地区且品质、抗性相对优异;所有地方资源均属于南瓜栽培种,具有瓜蒂呈五棱形的南瓜种典型特征;地方资源存在丰富的遗传变异,叶片长度、叶片宽度和主蔓粗度变异系数介于10.1%~10.7%之间,果形指数介于0.516~3.190之间,果实重量范围0.89~11.40 kg,变异系数38.1%,同时存在遗传稳定性差、总体品质差和综合性状不佳等缺陷;共筛选出首雌花开放早资源53份,品质良好以上资源31份,高抗白粉病资源61份和高抗病毒病资源5份。这些研究工作为南瓜属地方资源的保存和高效利用奠定了坚实基础。

In order to investigate the genetic basis of crops germplasm resources,Ministry of Agriculture&Rural Affairs of PRC and the government of Guangxi Autonomous Region of China launched the projects‘The Third National Survey and Collection on Crop Germplasm Resources’and‘Collection,Identification and Preservation of Crop Germplasm Resources in Guangxi’,respectively.We have collected systematically the resources of Cucurbita L.in Guangxi,followed by the identification and evaluation of pant morphology,fruit characters,flowering habits,taste quality and resistance to powdery mildew and virus.261 samples of Cucurbita L.resources were obtained throughout the whole province,especially in which northern,western and eastern regions represented a higher number of germplasm resources,with better quality and higher resistance than those of genotypes in other areas.These genotypes were classified belonging to C.moschata D.cultivars,with its typical characteristics such as palm-shaped leaves and pentagonal fruit stalks.They showed rich genetic variations,i.e.the coefficient of variation of leaf size and main stem diameter ranging from 10%to 11%,fruit shape index ranging from 0.516 to 3.190,the coefficient of variation of fruit weight ranging from 0.89 kg to 11.40 kg(CV=38.1%).However,there were defects such as poor genetic stability,overall quality differential and unsatisfactory complex characters.Fifty-three resources showing earlier maturity,31 genotypes with high-quality,61 high resistance resources to powdery mildew and 5 high resistance resources to virus were identified.Collectively,this study provided solid foundation for the conservation and efficient use of pant local germplasm resources.