所为与所需:社区老年志愿服务队伍培育机制与创新

To Do and To Need:Cultivation and Innovation Mechanism of the Elderly Volunteer Team in Community

老年人参与志愿服务是积极老龄化的重要展现。基于观察法和访谈法对老年志愿者队伍的培育进行研究发现:一方面,老年人作为新手志愿者,秉持奉献之心加入志愿服务队伍,仍缺乏专业的志愿知识和技能;另一方面,由于社区志愿者的培育机制不完善,存在目标导向缺乏和管理机制不畅通的问题,老年志愿者的招募、培训、激励等环节有待优化。应从老有所为和老有所需的角度,培养老年人参与志愿服务的意识、完善和规范老年志愿者的筛选规则、增强老年志愿者的培训效果、重视内外报酬融合的志愿者激励过程,以此促进社区老年志愿服务的可持续性。

It is of great significance for the elderly to participate in community voluntary services to fulfill their sense of being needed and worthiness. We should pay attention to standardizing and strengthening the cultivation of the elderly volunteer teams. Based on the study of the community B in Xiamen with methods of observation and interviewing, the survey found that: on the one hand, although the elderly, as novice volunteers, join the volunteer teams with dedication, they lack professional volunteer knowledge and skills;on the other hand, the team cultivation mechanism for recruiting, training and motivating community volunteers needs to be optimized. This is due to the unclear goal orientation of the cultivation and the impeded management mechanism. Based on the activity theory, from the perspective of having something to do and need for the elderly, we should cultivate the elderly’s awareness of participating in voluntary services, improve and standardize the screening rules of the elderly volunteers, and enhance the training effect and pay attention to the volunteer incentive process of internal and external reward integration, so as to innovate a sustained mechanism of the elderly volunteer teams in community.