效率机制与利他传统:现代志愿服务发展的实践张力

Efficiency Mechanism and Altruistic Tradition:The Practical Tension in the Development of Modern Voluntary Service

现代志愿服务的发轫经历了由个体性道德实践向组织化理性行为转型的过程。理性化、制度化的效率目标与公益性、道德性的利他传统构成现代志愿服务发展的实践张力,这一张力规约志愿服务个体参与和组织运作的行动逻辑,关系到志愿服务能否长远发展。《仁爱遇上效率:中国语境下的志愿过程》一书通过对青年支教过程的研究试图回应这一张力背后的理论关切,其主要贡献在于探究本土实践场域中志愿者、志愿组织和其他福利供给主体参与志愿服务活动的制度逻辑。文章从志愿服务发展的问题出发,讨论了该书观点并进一步拓展了解释路向:在本土化情景中利他传统是效率诉求的合法性前提,效率机制和利他传统是既矛盾又抱合的统一体。利益共识的形成与行动伦理的建构是推动志愿服务可持续发展的社会基础和价值底色。

The beginning of modern voluntary service has experienced the transformation from individual moral practice to organized rational behavior.The rational and institutionalized efficiency goal and the public welfare and moral altruistic tradition constitutes the practical tension in the development of modern voluntan service.This tension regulates the action logic of individual participation and organizational operation of voluntary service,which was related to the long-term development of it.Recently,the book"Benevolence Meets Efficiency:the process of volunteering in Chinese Context"attempts to respond to the theoretical concerns behind this tension through the research on the process of college students'teaching volunteer program.Its main contribution is to explore the institutional logic of volunteers,voluntary organizations and other welfare providers participating in voluntary service actions within the local field of practice.Starting from the development of voluntary service,this article discusses the viewpoint of the book and further expands the interpretation direction:in the localization field,altruism is the legitimacy premise of efficiency appeal,and efficiency mechanism and altruism tradition are a unity of contradiction and integration.The formation of interest consensus and the construction of action ethics are the social basis and valuable background to promote the sustainable development of voluntary services.