马克思《资本论》中的辩证法

The Dialectic in Marx’s Capital

马克思留下的辩证法以一种最真实、最具体的样式存在于《资本论》中。在《资本论》第一卷的开篇几章中,马克思奉献了一项具有独立哲学意义的辩证法研究,那就是借鉴黑格尔《逻辑学》的研究方法发现了价值形式的辩证法。在这项研究中,马克思将商品作为辩证叙述的起点,揭示出资本主义商品流通中诸价值形式的真实抽象,并在此基础上进行进一步的理论抽象,将价值形式发展的每个阶段重新概念化,通过克服其既有规定的不充分性而产生出新的价值形式,直到最后揭示出它的真理:价值形式作为在自我运动中建立起来的总体乃是资本概念的本质和基础——资本是“自我增殖的价值”。这就是马克思所发现和建构的“资本的逻辑”。它是马克思主义辩证法的不朽的理论典范。

A most authentic and concrete style of Marx’s dialectic is in hisCapital.In the opening chapters of the first volume of theCapital,Marx draws on the methods of Hegel’sThe Science of Logicto investigate the dialectic of the forms of value.Marx,taking the commodity as the starting point,step by step,reveals the primary abstract forms of value in the commodity circulation in capitalism;based on that,he further conceptualizes the development of these forms of value for each stage,generating new forms of value by overcoming the inadequacy of their established prescriptions until finally revealing their truth.The truth is:that the essence and basis of the concept of capital are the forms of value as a totality built up in a selfmovement;that is to say,capital is“self-expansion of value”,which is the logic of capital discovered and constructed by Marx.That is a monumental paradigm of the Marxist dialectic.