论作为中介的《危机笔记》——从黑格尔《逻辑学》到马克思“《资本论》的逻辑”

The Books of Crisis(Krisenhefte)as A Medium:From Hegel’s Science of Logic to the Logic of Marx’s Capital

马克思在1858年1月14日致恩格斯的书信中提出了写辩证法的哲学夙愿。列宁以来,对这一夙愿背景的研究,经历了从《资本论》到兼及《大纲》,再到首重《大纲》的过程。这其中,学界对《危机笔记》的研究是不充分的。本文从以下几方面论证《危机笔记》是马克思辩证法夙愿的直接中介:《危机笔记》剪报的材料性质与此信所说的“材料加工的方法”吻合;体现马克思危机认识的标题目录的形成与此信的时间吻合;《危机笔记》是从抽象上升到具体方法的运用,其辩证方法与《大纲》《资本论》相呼应;《危机笔记》结构与《逻辑学》对应,在政治经济学批判计划层面补充了列宁以来的相关研究。这对于完整理解“《资本论》的逻辑”形成史具有重要的理论意义。

Marx raised his long-cherished philosophical wish for writing on the dialectic in his letter to Engels on January 14th,1858.Academic scholarship has investigated the background of this wish from the Capitalto the Capital and Grundrisse altogether and then to Grundrisse principally.However,the study of its relationship with theBooks of Crisis(Crisisfor short below)is inadequate.This paper argues that Crisisis a medium for that wish for the following reasons:the material format of newspaper clippings of Crisisaccords with the“material processing method”in the letter;the formation of the contents of Crisiscoincides with the time of this letter;the dialectic method in Crisisis consistent with Grundrisseand the Capitaland is an application of that method from abstract to concrete;the structure of Crisisagrees with Hegel’s Science of Logicand supplements the studies of the critique of political economy from Lenin onwards.All of these would contribute to a complete understanding of the generation history of the Logic of Marx’s Capital.