黑格尔的世界历史哲学与法权哲学的内在融贯

The Inner Coherence in Hegel’s Philosophy of World History and Right Philosophy

在《法哲学原理》第三部分题为“国家”的第三章最后一节(即第三节),黑格尔提供了关于其“世界历史哲学”构想虽简扼却十分精要的概述,而在《世界史哲学讲演录》“导论”的结尾部分,我们又看到了其法哲学的核心论题“国家的本质”。这种交互论述结构暗含的逻辑是:“国家的本质”需要经历一个世界历史进程才能实现。黑格尔相信,世界历史虽然显得“吵吵闹闹”,但“在这种吵闹的表面现象背后”,有“一种内在的、静穆的、隐秘的作业”,因为世界历史有自己理性的“终极目的”。这种世界历史哲学的内在逻辑给中国传统文明带来了迄今没有消除的压力。不过,一旦我们认识到它自身的问题,这种压力就并非难以消除。

In the last section of Chapter III (“The State”) of Hegel’sElements of the Philosophy of Right, there is a succinct and subtle overview of the idea of the philosophy of world history. In contrast, at the end of“Introduction” of Hegel’sLectures on the Philosophy of World History, there is a discussion of the nature of the state, a central issue of his right philosophy. The logic implied in this interactive structure is that “the nature of the state” needs to go through a process of world history to realize itself. Hegel believed that although world history appeared to be “noisy”, there was “an inner, solemn and secret work behind the noisy appearance”because world history had its own rational “ ultimate purpose”. However, the appearance of this historical reason in world history ultimately depends on the actions of a Great Man in history.