论苗瑶语处置句标记的来源

On the Origin of Disposal Construction Markers in Hmong-Mien Languages

本文讨论苗瑶语处置句标记的类型及其来源和语法化路径。苗瑶语处置句标记有两类,一类为固有的处置句标记,是由实义动词“拿”语法化而来的;另一类是借用汉语的处置句标记“把”“将”,是语言接触导致的语法词复制。苗瑶语固有处置句标记的语法化路径为“实义动词‘拿’>介引工具的前置词‘拿/用’>处置句标记”。语法化过程具有语义漂白、去范畴化、共存性、单项性等特征。

The present paper explores the types as well as the origin and grammaticalization path of the disposal construction markers in the Hmong-Mien languages.Hmong-Mien disposal construction markers fall into two types.One is the native markers,grammaticalized from the notional verb“TAKE”;and the other is the markers borrowed from Chinese,such as ba把and jiang将,which are replicated function words induced by language contact.The native markers are grammaticalized along the path of“notional verb‘TAKE?>preposition of instrument>disposal construction marker”.The grammaticalization process is characterized by semantic bleaching,decategorization,co-existence and unidirectionality.