国内外氢能汽车发展现状及对我国未来氢能产业发展的思考

The domestic and oversea development status of hydrogen-powered vehicles and suggestions on China’s hydrogen energy development for future

本文在梳理世界主要发达国家和地区氢能汽车发展现状及政策实践的基础上,研究认为主要发达国家和地区已将氢能汽车发展纳入国家氢能经济发展整体战略,并进入降低成本、提高性能和大规模商业化推广准备阶段。相比之下,我国氢能汽车技术起步晚、发展缺乏整体规划,仍存在产业链不完备和供应链关键技术创新不足等问题。未来我国氢能汽车发展应借鉴国际先进经验,完善顶层设计,明确氢能发展定位,完善氢能产业标准体系;针对制氢等环节碳排放强度高问题,加强可再生能源制氢政策扶持力度;围绕氢能汽车产业链,重点做好氢储运、加注等环节的瓶颈问题基础研究;以问题为导向开展针对性国际合作,推动国内示范与产业发展。

This paper systematically summarizes the development status and policy practices of hydrogen-powered vehicles in major developed countries and regions,and concludes that they have integrated the development of hydrogen-powered vehicles into the overall national strategy of hydrogen economic development,and have entered the stage of reducing costs,improving performance and preparing for large-scale commercialization.In contrast,China’s hydrogen-powered vehicle technology started late without a complete development plan.It is now constrained by the incomplete industrial chain and weak innovation in supply chains.The paper finally proposed to draw on international advanced experience to improve the top-level design and clarify the positioning of hydrogen energy development,and improve the standard system for the industry;in view of high carbon emissions of hydrogen production,strengthen the governmental support to hydrogen production from renewable energy;strengthen research and tracking,especially focusing on the hydrogen storage,transportation,refueling and other bottlenecks;conduct problem-oriented and targeted international exchanges and cooperation to promote healthy development of domestic industries.