‘丘北辣椒’采后“白化病”病原鉴定及药剂毒力测定

Identification of pathogen causing postharvest albinism on ‘Qiubei pepper’ and toxicity determination of fungicides

0 引言辣椒(Capsicum annuum L.)是茄科辣椒属(Capsicum L.)的一种多年生草本植物,是我国仅次于大白菜的第二大蔬菜作物。‘丘北辣椒’是云南省特有的地方品种,因其色泽红亮、味道香辣淳厚而深受消费者喜爱,是云南文山第二大生物产业。近年来,‘丘北辣椒’出现了采收后晾晒干燥过程中辣椒果皮白化的现象,发生数量和程度逐年上升,种植面积由原来的五十余万亩减少到二十几万亩,极大影响了当地农户的经济收入。

‘Qiubei pepper’ is an endemic variety in Yunnan Province. A newly unknown disease on ‘Qiubai pepper’ with skin albinism symptoms was outbroken. In order to identify the pathogen of this disease and to screen the effective fungicides, eight strains causing pepper albinism were isolated and purified from ‘Qiubei peper’. The isolated strains were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. equiseti and F. proliferatum via morphological observation and ITS-TEF-1α sequences analysis, and F. oxysporum had the highest pathogenicity. Furthermore, 5 fungicides were selected to determine their toxic effects on F. oxysporum, and thiophanate-methyl(power) and pyraclostrobin(emulsion) had the best inhibitory effects with ECof 2.503 1 mg·Land 5.444 0 μL·L, respectively. The results provide a basis for studying the incidence of albinism and the comprehensive prevention and control of the albinism disease of ‘Qiubei pepper’ after harvesting.