地位寻求、角色构建与英国脱欧后的对外政策调整

Status Seeking,Role Construction and the Adjustment of British Foreign Policy after Brexit

国家的寻求地位行为会导致国家对外政策的调整。在具有等级特征的国际体系中,国家会根据自身实力和客观环境,寻求合适的国家地位。在确定地位目标后,国家会匹配相应的角色,并面对国际观众和国内观众进行角色扮演。而国家的角色扮演,就是国家对外政策选择及调整的过程。从地位寻求到角色构建再到对外政策调整的整个传导链条,是国家在与国际、国内观众互动的情境下,其对外行为的逻辑自洽过程。本文建构了一个整体解释框架,意在阐释国家的地位寻求、角色构建与对外政策调整三者之间的作用机理以及传导机制。按照该框架的解释,英国在脱欧后寻求全球性大国地位,并扮演了美国忠实盟友、欧盟区域伙伴、全球贸易大国、“盎格鲁圈”协调者、英联邦领导者、民主价值观维护者等国家角色,由此带来对外政策的显著调整。

A state’s status-seeking behavior will lead to the adjustment of its foreign policy. It means that within the international system with hierarchical characteristics,a state will seek appropriate status according to its own strength and the objective environment. After a state has ascertained its status,it will fix the corresponding role and perform accordingly in front of the international and domestic audiences. The role-playing process of a state is the one during which it chooses and adjusts its foreign policy. The whole transmission chain from status seeking to role construction and then to foreign policy adjustment is a logical self-consistent process of the state’s foreign behavior in the context of its interaction with the international and domestic audiences. This paper constructs an overall interpretation framework and intends to explain the function and transmission mechanisms governing the relationships between a state’s status seeking,role construction and foreign policy adjustment. According to this framework,the UK seeks the status of a global power after Brexit,and mainly plays the role of a loyal ally to the United States,a regional partner of the European Union,a global trading state,a coordinator of the Anglosphere,the leader of the Commonwealth,and the defender of democratic values,which brings about significant adjustments to its foreign policy.