东汉末年墓碑文文学成就探析

Study on the Literary Achievement of Epitaphs in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty

受东汉末年政治环境的影响,文人儒士在墓碑文的写作手法上多有开拓。从行文语言上看,以隶事运典为尚,且多用修辞手法,这既表现在对逝去碑主的品赞性用语上,又表现在碑文本身的行文语言上。从情感表达方面来看,哀婉的文辞中蕴含着清流士人的深挚情感,渐趋骈俪化的文辞又使碑文极具力度和气势。从布局谋篇上看,既有对碑主生平的铭记实录,又有颇多的夸饰与虚构,从而使碑文虚实相间、韵味深远。这些手法的运用,使东汉末年的墓碑文在实用价值之外,又取得了较高的文学成就。

Influenced by the political environment in the Late Eastern Han Dynasty,literati and Confucian scholars made some breakthroughs in the writing skills of epitaphs.As far as the writing language was concerned,the epitaphs quoted from the classics and used more figures of speech,which is reflected both in the language on the praising the decreased epitaph owners,but also in the inscription language itself.From the view of emotional expression,they fully embodied the scholars’ deep emotion through pathetic language,and the use of antithesis makes them more powerful.In terms of the structure and layout,they contain both memoirs for the tombstone owners’ life and exaggeration and fiction,thus adding a mixture of truth and untruth and a lasting appeal.The application of all these methods endow the epitaphs of late Eastern Han Dynasty with more value and higher literary achievement.