论审判组织制度改革的理论出路

On the Theoretical Way-out of the Reform of the Judicial Panel System

审判组织由普通法官组成,代表法院行使审判权,体现了与立法组织、行政组织不同的运作模式。自“一五”改革以来,法律规范中的审判组织制度变化不大,但活跃的改革实践将审判组织的一系列理论特征体现出来,如代表性、法律性、平等性、程序性以及审委会的复合性等。当前司法责任制改革中依然存在审判组织的代表性体现不足、当事人程序权利保障不力等诸多问题,而这些问题无一不与理论发育不成熟有关。系统的改革理论为“形合实独”、责任划分、审委会程序、审判组织“变形”等问题提供了相应的解决之策。

The judicial panel is composed of ordinary judges who exercise judicial power on behalf of the court, which refl ects a different operation mode from the legislative organization and the administrative organization. Since the “First Five-year Reform Plan” reform, the system of judicial panel has not changed much in legal form, but the active reform practice has refl ected a series of theoretical characteristics of judicial panel, such as representativeness, legality, equality, procedural fairness, and plural nature of adjudication committees. In the current reform of judicial accountability system, there are still many problems remained,such as insufficient representation of the judicial panel, insufficient protection of the procedural rights of the parties, and all of these problems are related to the immaturity of judicial theories. The systematic judicial theory provides the corresponding solutions for the problems such as “the independence of form and reality”,division of responsibilities, procedure of the adjudication committee, and “deformation” of the judicial panel.