灌水量对鲜食葡萄生长及品质的影响

Effects of Irrigation Amount on Growth and Fruit Quality of Table Grape

【目的】确定畦灌条件下鲜食葡萄的适宜灌水量。【方法】以多年生早熟品种无核翠宝和中熟品种晶红宝为试验材料,设置3种不同的灌水量:2570 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK)、2056 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T1)、1542 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T2),研究灌水量对山西省鲜食葡萄生长、产量及品质的影响。【结果】新梢生长期,减少灌水量不会影响无核翠宝与晶红宝新梢及茎的生长。果实膨大期灌水量会影响葡萄果粒的纵横径及果穗的长宽,进而影响产量。早熟品种无核翠宝在T1处理下的产量与CK相比增加了6.89%;而T2处理与CK相比减产16.36%。减少灌水量会影响葡萄果实的营养品质和食用品质;早熟品种无核翠宝的总酚和黄烷醇量逐渐减少,但T1处理与CK之间无显著差异。中熟品种晶红宝的产量在CK下最大,为22555 kg/hm2,T1、T2处理与CK相比分别减产8.18%、14.05%。T1处理下晶红宝的总酚量增加4.55%,但总类黄酮量减少了52.83%;T2处理下的总酚量最高为8.48mg/g,与CK相比显著增加了13.52%。随着灌水量的减少,无核翠宝与晶红宝的固酸比逐渐降低。【结论】综合比较,在新梢生长期不同灌水量对鲜食葡萄的生长无显著影响,果实膨大期不同灌水量会显著影响葡萄的产量与品质,早熟品种无核翠宝在果实膨大期适当减少灌水量T1处理(2056 m^(3)/hm^(2)),可以增产提质;在保证产量和品质的前提下,中熟品种晶红宝在果实膨大期的灌水量为2570 m^(3)/hm^(2),不能减少灌水量。

【Objective】Vineyards in north China require irrigation and the purpose of this paper is to experimentally study the effect of irrigation amount on fruit quality of table grape.【Method】The field experiment was conducted in Shanxi province in north China,in which the perennial early-ripening Emerald green and the mid-ripening Crimson were used as the model plants.They were both watered using border irrigation.For each variety,we compared three irrigation amounts:2570 m^(3)/hm^(2)(CK),2056 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T1),and 1542 m^(3)/hm^(2)(T2).During the experiment,we measured the growth,fruit yield and quality of the grape.【Result】Reducing irrigation amount during the shooting stage did not result in a noticeable effect on stem growth and shooting of either variety,but a change in irrigation amount during the fruit expansion stage affected the length and width of both individual fruits and grape clusters,and the ultimate yield.Compared with CK,T1 increased the yield of the Emerald green by 6.89%,while T2 reduced its yield by 16.36%.Reducing irrigation amount also affected nutrient quality and edible quality of the grape,with the contents of total phenols and flavanols both decreasing as the irrigation amount decreased,despite the insignificant difference between T1 and CK.The yield of the Crimson maximized in CK,reaching 22555kg/hm2;compared with CK,T1 and T2 reduced its fruit yield by 8.18%and 14.05%,respectively.T1 increased the total phenolic content by 4.55%while increasing the total flavonoids content by 52.83%,compared to CK.The highest total phenol content in T2 was 8.48 mg/g,a 11.91%increase compared to that in CK.Decrease in irrigation amount led to a reduction in the sugar-acid ratio.【Conclusion】Change in irrigation amount did not have a significant effect on growth of the fresh grape during the shooting period,but significantly impacted fruit yield and quality of the grape during the fruit expanding stage.Reducing irrigation amount to 2056 m^(3)/hm^(2)during the fruit expanding stage of the Emerald green can increase fruit yield and quality,while for the Crimson the optimal irrigation amount is 2570 m^(3)/hm^(2).