景观生态视角下的耕地细碎化及土地整治分区——以文山壮族苗族自治州为例

Cultivated Land Fragmentation and Guidance of Land Consolidation Based on Landscape Ecology Perspective——A Case Study of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture

基于区域内耕地现状问题的具体分析,从耕地规模、地块形状和空间聚集3个方面,选取平均斑块面积、斑块密度、边界密度、面积加权形状指数、面积加权分维数和聚集度6个景观指数构建指标体系.综合运用ArcGIS和Fragstats等软件,对云南省文山壮族苗族自治州(简称文山州)耕地细碎化程度进行测算分级,并开展了市域尺度耕地细碎化评价及土地整治分区探讨.研究表明:文山州耕地规模总体测算值中等偏上,地块形状测算结果总体偏高,空间聚集总体情况属于中等水平,空间上区域差异明显.在以乡镇为评价单元的基础上,综合评价文山州耕地细碎化情况,耕地细碎化评价结果最大值为0.790 6,最小值为0.346 8,均值为0.641 6,全州耕地细碎化地域分异相对零散.基于耕地细碎化评价的结果,以及不同指标属性的特征组合,提出了全州可划分为集约利用区、归并提升区和综合整治区3种类型整治分区,基于主要问题提出不同土地整治分区的综合整治措施.

Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(Abbreviated as Wenshan Prefecture) has been taken as an example,and the index system constructed from aspects such as cultivated land scale,plot shape and spatial agglomeration which based on the specific analysis of the status quo of cultivated land in the region,including the mean patch size,patch density,edge density,area-weighted mean shape index,area-weighted mean fractal dimension index,aggregation index 6 landscape indexes.ArcGIS and Fragstats have comprehensively been used to calculate and classify the fragmentation degree of cultivated land in the study area,and the evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation been carried out on the city scale and guidance of land consolidation.The study shows that the overall measured value of cultivated land scale in Wenshan Prefecture is above average,the calculation result of land shape is generally high,the overall situation of spatial aggregation belongs to medium level,and the spatial regional difference is obvious.On the basis of taking villages and towns as the evaluation unit,the fragmentation of cultivated land in Wenshan Prefecture has comprehensively been evaluated in this paper in that the maximum value of cultivated land fragmentation is 0.7906,the minimum value is 0.3468,the average value is 0.6416,and the regional differentiation of cultivated land fragmentation in Wenshan Prefecture is relatively scattered.Based on the results of the evaluation of the fragmentation of cultivated land and the characteristic combination of different index attributes,it has been put forward that the whole state can be divided into three categories:intensive utilization area,amalgamation and promotion area and comprehensive consolidation area.based on the main problems,the comprehensive regulation measures of different land regulation zones are put forward.