不同专用肥对豫北小麦产量、经济效益和养分吸收的影响

Effects of Different Wheat Special Fertilizers on Yield,Economic Benefit and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat in Northern Henan

采用大田试验,研究了8种不同小麦专用肥(沃尔田小麦专用肥、心连心小麦专用肥、化佗小麦专用肥、多维宝小麦专用肥、嘉施利小麦专用肥、科邦小麦专用肥、普通小麦专用肥和豫北小麦专用肥)及配套施肥技术对豫北小麦产量、经济效益和养分吸收的影响,为豫北小麦专用肥的选择及合理施用提供依据。结果显示,和不施肥对照相比,施用小麦专用肥的小麦穗数和产量分别增加18.9%~41.8%和17.6%~32.4%,且以化佗小麦专用肥和多维宝小麦专用肥处理较高,其中多维宝小麦专用肥处理的小麦产值、施肥增加的产值和纯收入最高,分别为24626.72、6031.03、4351.03元/hm^(2),施肥产投比也最高,为3.59。8种小麦专用肥中,4种高氮低磷小麦专用肥(沃尔田小麦专用肥、心连心小麦专用肥、化佗小麦专用肥和多维宝小麦专用肥)处理小麦氮、磷、钾总积累量(517.02~590.46 kg/hm^(2))高于4种低氮高磷小麦专用肥(481.76~502.77 kg/hm^(2))(嘉施利小麦专用肥、科邦小麦专用肥、普通小麦专用肥和豫北小麦专用肥),其中多维宝小麦专用肥处理的肥料农学利用效率和偏生产力最高,分别为8.66、35.38 kg/kg。施用小麦专用肥可不同程度提高小麦收获后土壤碱解氮、全磷和有效磷含量,以普通小麦专用肥和多维宝小麦专用肥处理较高,分别较不施肥对照增加150.0%、91.2%、71.6%和114.3%、82.1%、54.9%。综合而言,高氮低磷小麦专用肥一次性施入在维持小麦高产和养分高效利用方面效果好于低氮高磷小麦专用肥,且以多维宝小麦专用肥施用效果最优。

Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of eight kinds of wheat special fertilizers(Woertian wheat special fertilizer,Xinlianxin wheat special fertilizer,Huatuo wheat special fertilizer,Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer,Jiashili wheat special fertilizer,Kebang wheat special fertilizer,common wheat special fertilizers and Yubei wheat special fertilizer)on the yield,economic benefits andnutrient uptake of wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)in Northern Henan,in order to provide a basis for the selection and rational application of wheat special fertilizers in Northern Henan.The results showed that,compared with the control without fertilization,the spike number and yield under the treatments of wheat special fertilizers were increased by 18.9%—41.8%and 17.6%—32.4%respectively,and those of Huatuo wheat special fertilizer and Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer treatments were relatively higher.Moreover,there were the highest output value,increased output value and net income in the treatment of Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer,which were 24626.72,6031.03 and 4351.03 Yuan/ha respectively,and the output-input ratio of fertilization was also the highest,with value of 3.59.Among the eight kinds of wheat special fertilizers,total accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in wheat under the treatments of four kinds of wheat special fertilizers with high-nitrogen(N)and low-phosphorus(P)(Woertian wheat special fertilizer,Xinlianxin wheat special fertilizer,Huatuo wheat special fertilizer and Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer)(517.02—590.46 kg/ha)was higher than that of four kinds of wheat special fertilizer with low-N and high-P(481.76—502.77 kg/ha)(Jiashili wheat special fertilizer,Kebang wheat special fertilizer,common wheat special fertilizer and Yubei wheat special fertilizer),and the treatment of Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer had the highest fertilizer agronomy efficiency and partial productivity,with values of 8.66 kg/kg和35.38 kg/kg.The application of wheat special fertilizers increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed N,total and available P in soil after wheat harvest to different degrees,and those of common and Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer treatments were higher,increased by 150.0%,91.2%,71.6%and 114.3%,82.1%,54.9%compared with the control without fertilization.In general,the one-time application effects of high-N and low-P fertilizers were better than those of low-N and high-P fertilizers in maintaining high yield and efficient utilization of nutrients in this experiment,and Duoweibao wheat special fertilizer had the best application effects.