叶面喷施聚磷酸铵对辣椒产量、品质及吸收转运Cd的影响

Effects of Spraying Ammonium Polyphosphate on Yield,Quality,Absorption and Transport of Cd in Pepper

为给Cd安全利用类耕地辣椒安全生产与叶面磷肥开发提供科学依据,选取Cd安全利用类土壤与青红元帅朝天椒品种为试材,采用盆栽试验,研究了叶面喷施0、0.1、0.2、0.5 g/L聚磷酸铵(以CK、T1、T2、T3表示)对辣椒产量、品质与吸收转运Cd的影响。结果表明,随叶面喷施聚磷酸铵浓度的增加,辣椒果实产量呈增加趋势,与CK相比,T3处理鲜果与干果产量增幅分别为11.11%与11.53%;T3处理辣椒果实可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、氨基酸、维生素C(Vc)与辣椒碱含量均显著高于CK;辣椒不同部位Cd含量(干质量)表现为主茎上叶>根>果实>叉茎上叶>叉茎>主茎;辣椒对土壤Cd的富集系数(BCF)达193.77%~351.82%,BCF随叶面喷施聚磷酸铵浓度的增加而降低,T3处理比CK降低了158.05个百分点;辣椒果实Cd含量随叶面喷施聚磷酸铵浓度的增加而降低,T3处理辣椒果实Cd含量显著低于CK,鲜果与干果降幅分别为16.67%、11.84%;相关性分析结果显示,“质量稀释”与叶面喷施聚磷酸铵增大辣椒叉茎上叶与主茎上叶对Cd的富集固持能力可能是果实Cd含量降低的2个主要原因。综上,叶面喷施0.5 g/L聚磷酸铵对辣椒果实产量与品质提升及降Cd效果最好。

In order to provide a scientific basis for the safe production of pepper in Cd-safely-utilized farmland and the development of foliar phosphate fertilizer,Cd-safely-utilized soil and the pod pepper variety‘Qing Hong Yuan Shuai’were selected as test materials,and a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar spraying of 0,0.1,0.2,0.5 g/L ammonium polyphosphate(expressed as CK,T1,T2,and T3,respectively)on the yield,quality,and Cd uptake and translocation of pepper.The results showed that with the increase of ammonium polyphosphate concentration on leaf surface,the yield of pepper fruit showed an increasing trend.Compared with CK,the yields of fresh fruit and dry fruit in T3treatment increased by 11.11%and 11.53%,respectively.The contents of soluble sugar,soluble protein,amino acid,Vc and capsaicin in pepper fruits treated with T3 were significantly higher than those in CK.The Cd content(dry basis)in different parts of pepper was as follows:leaf on main stem>root>fruit>leaf on fork stem>fork stem>main stem.The bioaccumulation factor of pepper for soil Cd(BCF)reached193.77%—351.82%,which decreased with the increase of ammonium polyphosphate concentration on leaf surface,and T3 treatment decreased by 158.05 percentage points compared with CK.The Cd content of pepper fruit decreased with the increase of ammonium polyphosphate concentration on leaf surface.The Cd content of pepper fruit in T3 treatment was significantly lower than that in CK,and the decrease rates of fresh fruit and dry fruit were 16.67%and 11.84%,respectively.Correlation analysis showed that‘mass dilution’and increasing Cd accumulation and retention ability of leaves on fork stem and main stem of pepper by foliar application of ammonium polyphosphate might be two main reasons for the decrease of Cd content in fruit.In conclusion,foliar spraying of 0.5 g/L ammonium polyphosphate has the best effect on yield and quality improvement and Cd reduction of pepper fruit.