个人信息保护立法理念的嬗变——基于个人信息分类的分析

The Evolution of the Legislative Concept of Personal Information Protection——Analysis Based on Personal Information Classification

个人信息立法需要协调保护和利用之间的矛盾,平衡个人、企业、政府之间的利益,这离不开法理念的指导。通过梳理个人信息保护的法律、法规,可以发现个人信息分类经历了从整体概括到具体明确,从私密信息、非私密信息到敏感信息、非敏感信息的变化。这一变迁折射出个人信息保护背后立法理念的嬗变,即由“安全理念”“赋权理念”转向“治理理念”。在治理理念指导下,需要从明晰利益格局、强化收益共享、加强监管合作和完善裁判规则等方面优化个人信息保护立法。

Personal information legislation needs to coordinate the contradiction between protection and utilization,and balance the interests of individuals,enterprises and the government,which is inseparable from the guidance of legal concept.By summarizing the laws and regulations of personal information protection,we can find that the classification of personal information has experienced changes from overall generalization to concretion and definition from private information and non-private information to sensitive information and non-sensitive information.This change reflects the evolution of the legislative concept behind personal information protection,that is,from“security concept”and“empowerment concept”to“governance concept”.Under the guidance of the concept of governance,we need to optimize the legislation of personal information protection from the aspects of clarifying the pattern of interests,strengthening income sharing,strengthening regulatory cooperation and improving the rules of adjudication.