地域文化中的历史记忆:论古代文学中的射柳风俗

Historical Memory in Regional Culture:On Sheliu(Shooting with Great Precision)in Ancient Literature

射柳之俗源自匈奴,具有点算人口和牲畜数量的功能。经过不同民族之间的文化交融,渐次进入汉地,由鲜卑人继承,进而在唐诗当中有所反映。及至辽宋金元时期,正史记载契丹人、女真人、宋人、蒙古人均对此风俗继承,契丹人主要射柳求雨,而女真人和宋人将此仪式巧妙地与汉地的端午、重阳等节庆结合在一起,丰富了该风俗的形式和内涵。流风所及,文学领域的戏曲、诗文、词、散曲等不同文体样式都呈现出了这一风俗时代特色。到了明清时期,射柳易名为走骠骑,时间固定在端午,但究其实质,不离其宗。

The custom of Sheliu(shooting with great precision)originated from the Huns,having the function of counting people and livestock.Inherited by the Xianbei people,it was gradually introduced to the Han area through cultural blending with different ethnic groups and presented in Tang poetry.The official history has recorded that Khitans,Jurchens,Song people and Mongolians all inherited this custom during the Liao,Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties.Khitans mainly shot willows to pray for rain,while Jurchens and Song people skillfully combined this custom with some Han area’s festivals like Dragon Boat Festival,the Chongyang Festival and so on,enriching the form and connotation of this custom.As it became popular,different literary styles in the field of literature,like opera,poems and essays,poetry,non-dramatic songs and so on,present the characteristics of this custom and era.In the Ming and Qing dynasties,Sheliu was changed into ZouPiaoqi and the time was set at the Dragon Boat Festival,but the essence of the custom remained the same.