中美战略竞争中的欧洲角色

The Role of Europe in the Process of China-U.S. Strategic Competition

美国政治精英在对华态度上已取得一致,中美战略竞争预计将稳定地持续下去。美国总统拜登强调利用同盟伙伴等第三方力量应对“中国挑战”,这是影响未来中美战略竞争走向的关键因素。欧洲正是这样一支第三方力量,基于其强大的实力以及与中美两国的密切关系,其对中美的战略选择对中美战略竞争走向至关重要。当前来看,大部分欧洲国家以及欧盟并没有在中美间“选边站”,而是采取复杂的问题导向、利益导向的策略,原因在于:一方面,欧洲追随美国执行对华“脱钩”与“新冷战”战略与其自身利益违背;另一方面,在美欧安全关系依然紧密的同时,中欧部分矛盾呈激化趋势。为稳住欧洲,中国应以拓宽合作、管控分歧为基础,调整对欧战略,尤其是根据中欧关系现状,在经贸、意识形态、安全等多领域对症下药以应对欧洲眼中的“中国问题”,防止欧洲尤其是欧洲主要大国倒向美国。

U.S. political elites have reached their consensus on their position against China,and the strategic competition between China and the U.S. is expected to persist in a stable form.In dealing with the “China Challenge,” U.S. President Joe Biden has emphasized the roles of third-party powers,including allies and partners,as key to shaping the future of China-U.S. strategic competition.European counties are such third-party powers that maintain close relations with both China and the U.S. at the same time.Considering Europe’s power and its relationship with China and the U.S. ,Europe’s strategic choices between the two great powers are crucial not only to the future direction of China-U.S. competition but also to the future development of China.As for now,most European countries,as well as the EU,are siding with neither China nor the U.S. ,since they instead have adopted a sophisticated problem-oriented and interest-oriented strategy,the rationale of which includes that following U.S. strategies of decoupling or new cold war is against Europe’s own interests and that certain disputes between China and Europe are intensified while the security relationship between the U.S. and Europe is being fortified.To stabilize the European powers,China should adjust its strategy by keeping cooperation expanding and differences managed.Given the current state of Sino-European relations,China particularly needs to tackle Europe’s “China Problems” in the economy,trade,ideology,and security issues on a case-by-case basis to prevent European countries,especially the major powers,from taking side with the U.S.