基于单畴表征的高/低黏滞磷脂膜中的相分离

Phase separation in high/low viscosity phospholipid membranes based on single domain characterization

磷脂相分离是细胞脂质筏形成的物理驱动力,在生命物质的空间组装中发挥着重要的作用.本研究通过单微畴跟踪、径向波动性分析等手段定量地研究了多组分磷脂相分离动力学.发现在低线张力差异下,大相的黏滞性是产生微畴粗化差异的主要原因.融合产生的流场促进微畴扩散,加速了低黏滞大相中微畴的融合粗化;而高黏滞大相中微畴主要依赖布朗运动扩散,融合粗化较慢.进一步建立微畴的扩散与融合粗化理论模型,理解了大相黏滞性较高与较低时,微畴尺寸与粗化时间分别满足的0.5与1幂指数关系.此外还发现,可以通过胆固醇相对含量调节大相黏滞性,提高了微畴粗化的可控性.研究深化了多组分磷脂相分离机制的理解,为调控细胞膜表面的生物分子再分布提供了有价值的参考.

Lipid rafts are small biomembrane functional units,resulting from the lateral phase separation of phospholipids.The phospholipid phase separation plays a crucial role in spatially organizing the biomolecules in life activities.Here,we study the kinetics of multi-component phospholipid phase separation quantitatively by using the single domain characterization methods including the movement tracking and radial fluctuation analyses,which provide valuable information about the physical and mechanical properties of the bulks and domains.The study is carried out in a low line tension condition similar to that in cells.The order of magnitude of line tension is~0.1 pN as estimated from the radial fluctuation analysis.Fluorescence microscopy characterization shows that domains mainly coarsen through the coalescence pathways,while the evaporationcondensation is negligible.Through the tracking of domains,it is found that the bulk viscosity dominates the dynamics of domain coalescence.The coalescence of domains produces strong hydrodynamic flows in low viscosity bulk,which promotes the non-Brownian motion of surrounding domains,accelerating the lateral diffusion and coalescence of the domains.However,these hydrodynamic flows decrease significantly in high viscosity bulk.The domains rely mainly on Brownian motion to diffuse in this highly viscous medium,resulting in the slow lateral diffusion and low coalescence.Picking the domains following Brownian motion,the viscosities of liquid ordered bulk and liquid disordered bulk are determined to be,respectively,in a range of 10^(-8)–10^(-7)Pa·s·m and 10^(-9)Pa·s·m from the Hughes-Pailthorpe-White empirical relation.Furthermore,we observe a bulk-viscosity-dependent scaling relation between the domain size and coarsening time experimentally.A theoretical model of domain diffusion and coalescence is established to understand the scaling relation.If the bulk viscosity is low,the hydrodynamic flow produces a high power exponent of 1.0.And if the bulk viscosity is high,the Brownian diffusion produces a low power exponent of 0.5.In addition,we demonstrate that the bulk viscosity can be regulated through the relative content of cholesterol.The 1,6-Diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene fluorescence anisotropy characterization exhibits that the increase of cholesterol in liquid ordered and liquid disordered bulks disorders and orders the phospholipid packing,thus reducing and increasing the bulk viscosity,respectively.It is expected that this viscosity regulation strategy can be used to control the multicomponent phospholipid phase separation.All in all,our study deepens the understanding of the physical mechanism behind the formation of lipid rafts.It also provides a reference for regulating the biomolecule distribution in cell membranes.