“互动仪式”视域下的谢冬节祭祖仪式音乐研究

Research on the Music of WanglongXidongjie Ancestor Worship Ceremony from the Perspective of"Interactive Ceremony"

谢冬节习俗在每年的农历十月十五(下元节)举行,一方面是为了庆祝一年以来的丰收,另一方面则是希望嫁出去的女儿能在当天回娘家团聚,共同参与祭祖仪式,祈祷来年的风调雨顺。以“互动仪式”视角对谢冬节祭祖仪式音乐进行文化分析,记录整场仪式中,祭祖仪式身份人群,即仪式参与者和组织者、表演者及围观者。同时,对仪式场中各种器乐(诸如抄锣、堂鼓、唢呐等)建构进行阐释。音声是祭祖仪式中不可或缺的元素,它们的存在渲染了整个仪式场域,并牵引着族人由内而外对祖先崇拜的自豪感与尊敬。这种情感力量的驱使,让客家族群在庆丰的同时不忘追宗敬祖,构建祭祖体系与宗族发展互动之社会认同关系。万隆乡谢冬节祭祖及其音乐凝结的节日文化传统与宗族依恋情结,是当地客家族群延续传统文化之重要源泉。

Based on the field investigation of the ancestor worship ceremony in wanglong Xidong Festival for two days and one night,this paper analyzes the status of the ancestor worship ceremony from the perspective of"interactive ceremony",namely the participants and organizers of the ceremony,performers and indirect participants.The whole process of sacrificial rites is carried out in sound.On the one hand,various musical symbols(gongs,drums,blowing and percussion music)constantly shape the collective understanding of clan members on the space-time context of ancestor worship,on the other hand,they also repeatedly write the identity relationship between the ancestor worship system and clan development.The festival cultural tradition and clan attachment complex of xializhuang Xidongjie ancestor worship and music are the important source of the survival significance and life value of the local Hakka ethnic group,and also the solid support for the revitalization and development of rural culture today.