乡村振兴背景下失地农民生计策略调整及影响因素分析

Analysis on Livelihood Strategy Adjustment and Influencing Factors of Land-lost Farmers under the Background of Rural Revitalization

在经济高速发展的今天,城镇化建设是提升居民生活水平的重要途径,通过城镇化建设能够有效带动整个城市经济和城市建设的巨大发展。随着城镇化规划的扩大也产生了农民失地的问题,专家预测到2030年,我国失地农民规模会达到1.1亿人,在城镇化的进程中失地农民这一特殊的群体需要给予足够的重视。以新一线城市武汉市为主要研究区域,以数据收集和实地调查为主要研究方式,实证分析发现:在一级指标权重态势中,社会适应的权重值最大,为0.416,说明社会适应对失地农民生计策略调整的影响最大,对社会适应能力强的农民而言,他们具有较多的生存技能,土地可能只是其中的一种生存方式,当失去土地后他们会选择其他的生存方式作为谋生的工具。在二级指标权重中,外出务工技能的权重值最大,达到了0.126,说明在失去土地后,外出务工是失地农民实现再就业的主要途径,因而产生的影响最大。社区管理满意度、家庭存款和社保覆盖率的权重值位于最后三位,这并不是说明这些因素在失地农民生计策略调整时不重要,只是其在现阶段并不是影响农民生计策略调整的关键因素,在政策制定时也应给予足够的重视和考虑。

In today's rapid economic development,urbanization construction is an important way to improve residents'living standards,it can effectively drive the huge development of the entire city economy and urban construction.With the expansion of urbanization planning,the problem of farmers who have lost their land has also come into being.Experts predict that by 2030,the scale of farmers who have lost their land in China will reach 110 million.In the process of urbanization,this special group of farmers who have lost their land needs to be paid enough attention.This paper takes Wuhan,a new first-tier city,as the main research area and adopts data collection and field investigation as the main research methods.The empirical analysis shows:In the first-level index weight situation,the weight value of social adaptation is the largest,which is 0.416,indicating that social adaptation has the greatest impact on the livelihood strategy adjustment of land-lost farmers.For farmers with strong social adaptation ability,they have more survival skills,and land may be just one of the survival modes.When they lose their land they will choose other survival ways as a means of livelihood.Among the weights of the secondary indicators,the weight value of migrant workers'skills is the largest,reaching 0.126,indicating that out-migrating for work is the main way for land-lost farmers to achieve re-employment after they lose their land,and thus have the greatest impact.Community management satisfaction,family social security coverage and deposit weights are in the last three,which does not mean that these factors are not important in the adjustment of the livelihood strategy of land-lost farmers,but they are not the key factors affecting the adjustment of the livelihood strategy of farmers at the present stage,and should be given enough attention and consideration when making policies.