区域贸易协定、服务贸易自由化与生产性服务业全球价值链

Regional Trade Agreements,Services Trade Liberalization and GVC of Producer Services

本文从RTA质量和数量两个维度构建了服务贸易自由化指标,测度61个国家(地区)于2005—2015年间在RTA政策下所达到的服务贸易自由化水平,并根据TiVA数据库测算生产性服务业GVC参与度,考察了RTA服务贸易自由化对生产性服务业GVC的影响。研究结果表明,RTA服务贸易自由化对生产性服务业全球价值链参与度有显著的促进作用。进一步分析发现,RTA服务贸易自由化明显促进了发达国家生产性服务业GVC的后向参与度,但对其前向参与度没有显著影响;对发展中国家的前向和后向参与度的估计得到了截然相反的结论,即前向参与度得到显著提升的同时却严重抑制了其后向参与度的增长;此外,对具体服务部门的研究发现,其对提高成员国批发和零售业、IT和其他信息服务及金融保险活动部门的GVC参与度有显著的正向影响。通过机制分析发现,RTA服务贸易自由化水平的提高可以通过削减成员国服务贸易成本和扩大服务业FDI流入来提升成员国的生产性服务业GVC参与度。

This paper constructs the services liberalization index from the quality and quantity dimensions of RTA,measures the levels of services trade liberalization in 61 countries from 2005 to 2015 under the RTAs’policies,and measures the GVC participation in the producer services based on TiVA database.Meanwhile,it also examines the impact of the services trade liberalization on the GVC participation of producer services.The conclusion shows that the ser-vices trade liberalization has a significant effect on the GVC participation of producer services.Among them,services trade liberalization significantly promotes the backward participation of GVC in producer services in developed countries,but has no significant impact on its forward participation.The estimation of the forward and backward participation of developing countries leads to the opposite conclusion,that is,the services trade liberalization promotes forward par-ticipation significantly while inhibited the backward participation.And it has a positive impact on increasing GVC participation in RTA members’producer services,such as wholesale and retail,IT,financial and insurance activities.Furthermore,the services trade liberalization can enhance the GVC participation of producer services in RTA members,by reducing the cost of service trade and increasing FDI in services.