香菇不同温型菌龄菌株杂交F1代杂种优势初步分析

Preliminary Analysis of Yield Heterosis in F1 Generations of Lentinula edodes Strains with Different Fruiting Temperature and Vegetative Growth Time

基于InDel标记对香菇(Lentinula edodes)种质资源进行多样性分析的结果,选取中低温中菌龄的菌株(MLM)0912、238、沪香F2、L 05采用单孢杂交方式进行组内杂交;选取MLM与中高温长菌龄的菌株(MHL)L 808、申香215,MLM与高温短菌龄的菌株(HS)L 66、L 363,以及MLM与野生菌株YS 01,采用单孢杂交方式进行组间杂交。结果表明:构建的16个单孢杂交群体共获得14797个杂交子。杂交F代存在性状衰退现象,31.35%的菌株可正常出菇。MLM组内杂交正常出菇菌株占比为13.78%~32.22%,中亲优势、超亲优势菌株占比分别为3.83%~4.49%、1.09%~3.79%;MLM与MHL组间杂交正常出菇菌株占比为15.76%~38.39%,产量中亲优势、超亲优势菌株占比分别为2.67%~6.66%、0.80%~3.19%;MLM与HS组间杂交正常出菇菌株占比为36.32%~80.68%,产量中亲优势、超亲优势菌株占比分别为8.98%~27.78%、3.75%~15.22%;MLM与野生菌株杂交正常出菇菌株占比为50.88%,产量中亲优势、超亲优势菌株占比分别为3.07%、0.22%。基于InDel标记的亲本遗传相似系数与杂交F代正常出菇菌株占比和产量中亲优势菌株占比呈显著负相关,表明InDel标记在杂种优势预测中具有较好的应用潜力。研究结果可为食用菌杂交育种中杂种优势的预测提供科学数据。

Based on diversity of Lentinula edodes germplasm resources using InDel markers, strains of different fruiting temperature and vegetative growth time were selected as follows : strains 0912, 238, Huxiang F2 and L 05 with medium low fruiting temperature and medium vegetative growth time(MLM), strains L 808 and Shenxiang 215 with medium high fruiting temperature and long vegetative growth time(MHL), strains L 66 and L 363 with high fruiting temperature and short vegetative growth time(HS) and wild strain YS 01.Using monospore hybridization, crosses were carried out within MLM group, between MLM and MHL groups, between MLM and HS groups, and between MLM and YS 01, respectively. The results showed that a total of 14797 hybrids were obtained from 16 hybrid populations. The Fhybrids showed trait decline, and about 30 % of the total hybrids produced normal fruiting bodies. For the intragroup hybridization of MLM, 13. 78 %-32. 22 %of the hybrids fruited normally, among which 3.83%-4.49% showed yield mid-parent heterosis and 1.09%-3.79%showed yield heterobeltiosis. For the hybrids of MLM and MHL, 15. 76 %-38. 39 % fruited normally, among which 2. 67 %-6. 66 % showed yield mid-parent heterosis and 0. 80 %-3. 19 % showed yield heterobeltiosis.About 36. 32 %-80. 68 % of the intergroup hybrids of MLM and HS fruited normally, among which 8. 98 %-27. 78 % showed yield mid-parent heterosis and 3. 75 %-15. 22 % showed yield heterobeltiosis. For the hybrids of MLM and YS 01,50. 88 % fruited normally, among which 3. 07 % showed yield mid-parent heterosis and 0. 22 % showed yield heterobeltiosis. The genetic similarity coefficient of parents based on InDel markers was negatively correlated with the proportion of normally fruiting Fhybrids and the proportion of hybrids showing yield heterosis over mid-parent, suggesting that InDel markers have great potential in the prediction of heterosis.The results provided scientific data for the prediction of heterosis in cross breeding of edible fungi.