花脸香蘑菌株‘达香蘑1号’选育

Breeding of Lepista sordida Strain ’Daxiangmo-1’

选取在四川省达州市通川区罗江镇柳家坝大豆地采集的颜色鲜艳、生长健壮的野生花脸香蘑(Lepistasordida)子实体,经组织分离、初筛、复筛获得优良菌株HL-13。以本地主栽菌株JL-3和FJ-1为对照,通过拮抗实验、测定菌丝培养特性和农艺性状以及构建系统发育树分析比较3个菌株间的差异;通过区域实验和生产实验分析比较HL-13与JL-3的生物学效率和增产率的差异。结果表明:初筛、复筛获得优良菌株HL-13,其菌丝生长茂盛,菌丝生长速度为(5.93±0.02)mm·d,显著高于对照JL-3和FJ-1;菌丝生长pH 4~10,菌丝生长温度3~28℃,出菇温度5~26℃,生育期85 d,子实体粉紫至深紫色,生物学效率为(45.32±0.29)%,均优于JL-3和FJ-1;HL-13与JL-3和FJ-1均具有0.0005的遗传距离;2017~2018年,在以本地主栽菌株JL-3为对照的区域实验中,HL-13在各实验点的生物学效率显著高于对照JL-3,春季增产率达14.94%,秋季增产率达15.90%;2018~2019年,在菌株JL-3为对照的生产实验中,HL-13在各实验点的生物学效率均显著高于对照JL-3,增产率达17.70%。

Wild fruiting bodies with bright color and robust growth were collected in a soybean field of Liujiaba, Luojiang Town, Tongchuan District, Dazhou City, Sichuan Province, and then subjected to tissue isolation, purification, primary screening and secondary screening to yield an excellent strain HL-13. Using the local main strains JL-3 and FJ-1 as the control, HL-13 was compared with them in terms of antagonism, mycelium cultivation characteristics, agronomic traits and phylogeny. HL-13 was also compared with JL-3 for biological efficiency in regional experiment and field production experiment. The results showed that HL-13 was selected due to its luxuriant mycelial growth with a significantly increased growth rate of(5.93±0.02) mm·d.Its mycelial growth pH, mycelial growth temperature, fruiting temperature and cultivation period were pH 4-10, 3 ℃-28 ℃, 5 ℃-26 ℃, and 85 d, respectively. Fruiting bodies of HL-13 were pink purple to deep purple. The biological efficiency of HL-13 was(45.32±0.29)%, which was superior to that of JL-3 and FJ-1. The genetic distance between HL-13 and the controls was 0. 0005. In the regional experiment between 2017 and 2018,HL-13 showed a significantly higher biological efficiency than JL-3 at all three test sites. Compared with JL-3, the average yield of HL-13 increased by 14. 94 % and 15. 90 % in spring and autumn, respectively. In the field production experiment between 2018 and 2019, HL-13 showed a significantly higher biological efficiency than JL-3 at all three sites, and the average yield of HL-13 increased by 17. 7 %.