钾离子通道与内脏高敏感关系的研究进展

Research Progress on Relationship Between Potassium Channels and Visceral Hypersensitivity

内脏高敏感是肠易激综合征、功能性消化不良等诸多功能性胃肠病(FGIDs)的致病机制之一。近年越来越多的研究提示胃肠高敏感的发生与肠神经系统或传入通路中神经元可塑性改变有关,钾离子通道在控制神经元兴奋性方面起有至关重要的作用。大量研究表明电压门控钾离子通道、钙激活钾离子通道、串联孔域钾离子通道等钾离子通道在伤害性感受器中的表达或活性下降会提高神经元的兴奋性,增加内脏痛觉,参与FGIDs的发生。本文就钾离子通道与内脏高敏感关系的研究进展作一综述。

Visceral hypersensitivity is one of the pathogenesis of functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs)including irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.In recent years,more and more studies have suggested that the occurrence of gastrointestinal hypersensitivity is related to the changes of neuronal plasticity in the intestinal nervous system or afferent pathway,and potassium channels play a crucial role in controlling neuronal excitability.Lots of studies have shown that decreased expressions or activities of voltage-gated potassium channels,calcium-activated potassium channels,and two-pore domain potassium channels in nociceptors can increase the excitability of neurons,increase visceral pain,and participate in the occurrence of FGIDs.This article reviewed the research progress on relationship between potassium channels and visceral hypersensitivity.