新《职业教育法》中的“软法性条款”研究

A Study on the “Soft Law Clause” in the New Vocational Education Law

近些年,软法大量出现在公共治理领域,是一种不以国家强制力实施,但具有实际约束力效果的治理工具。在很多法律中都存在着软法与硬法共存的现象,表现为“软法性条款”与“硬法性条款”,往往软法的数量要大于硬法的数量。因此,以软法理论为切入点,通过连接词分析并结合整体语义分析的方式,依据五种分类——“宣示性条款”“倡导性条款”“赋权性条款”“陈述性条款”“半软法性条款”,可以进一步识别出新《职业教育法》中的“软法性条款”,并统计出“软法性条款”在新《职业教育法》中的分布构成情况。软法和硬法都是法律中不可缺少的重要部分,实现二者的良性共存与合作,是保障新《职业教育法》实施效力的必然要求,也是职业教育法治化建设的基本方向。

In recent years, soft law, as a governance tool that is not enforced by the coercive force of state but has a practical force of constraint, has frequently appeared in the field of public governance. In many laws, soft law and hard law coexist, which manifested as “soft law clause” and “hard law clause”, and often soft law outnumbers hard law. Therefore, taking “soft law clause” as the entry point, through conjunctions and semantic analysis, according to the five categories as “declarative clause”, “advocacy clause”, “empowerment clause”, “declarative clause” and “semi-soft law clause”, we can further identify and count the distribution of “soft law clause” in the Vocational Education Law of the People’ s Republic of China. Both soft law and hard law are indispensable and important parts of the law, realizing the coexistence and cooperation of the two is the inevitable requirement of ensuring the implementation effect of the Vocational Education Law, and also the future direction of the legal construction of vocational education.