2015年-2021年北京市大兴区严重急性呼吸道感染病例流感病毒检测结果分析

Analysis of influenza virus detection results of severe acute respiratory infections in Daxing District,Beijing from 2015 to 2021

目的分析北京市大兴区严重急性呼吸道感染(severe acute respiratory infection,SARI)病例感染的流感病毒的流行病学特征。方法于2015年—2021年在大兴区1家哨点医院开展监测,采集咽拭子标本开展流感病毒检测。结果2015年—2021年共检测SARI病例标本4135件,流感病毒阳性率为6.65%,感染流感病毒的病例中甲型流感病毒H1N1、季节性流感病毒H3亚型、乙型流感病毒Victoria和乙型流感病毒Yamagata的构成比分别为37.32%、41.30%、7.25%和14.13%。60岁~人群流感病毒阳性检出率最高(7.98%),发病高峰主要集中在冬春季,男女比例为1.0.85,不同性别间阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=5.464,P<0.05)。结论60岁~人群流感的住院率和阳性率最高,应作为流感防控的重点对象;不同型别的流感病毒在不同年份导致的住院率不同,鉴于流感病毒引发的严重急性呼吸道感染较少,建议开展呼吸道多病原检测,以获得引发严重急性呼吸道感染的主要病原体,为制定防控措施提供依据。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in cases of severe acute respiratory infection(SARI)in Daxing District,Beijing.Methods Surveillance was carried out in a sentinel hospital in Daxing District from2015 to 2021,and throat swab samples were collected for influenza virus detection.Results From 2015 to 2021,4135 specimens of SARI cases were detected,and the positive rate of influenza virus was 6.65%.Among the cases infected with influenza virus,the constituent ratios of influenza A virus H1N1,seasonal influenza virus H3 subtype,influenza B virus Victoria and influenza B virus Yamagata were 37.32%,41.30%,7.25%and 14.13%,respectively.The positive detection rate of influenza virus in people aged 60-was the highest(7.98%),and the peak incidence was mainly concentrated in winter and spring.The ratio of men to women was 1.0.85,and there was statistical significance on the difference in the positive rate between different genders(χ^(2)=5.464,P<0.05).Conclusion The hospitalization rate and positive rate of influenza in the population aged 60-are the highest,which should be the key object of influenza prevention and control.Different types of influenza viruses cause different hospitalization rates in different years.In view of the small number of severe acute respiratory tract infections caused by influenza viruses,it is recommended to carry out respiratory multi pathogen detection to obtain the main pathogens causing severe acute respiratory tract infections and provide basis for formulating prevention and control measures.