不同喂养方式下0~12月龄婴幼儿体格发育及营养状况研究

Effects of Different Feeding Methods on Physical Development and Nutritional Status of Infants Aged 0~12 Months

探究母乳、婴儿配方羊乳粉及二者混合喂养下0~12月龄婴幼儿体格发育和营养状况,为婴幼儿科学喂养指导提供数据参考。测量母乳(92名)、婴儿配方羊乳粉(140名)及混合喂养(86名)下0~12月龄健康婴幼儿的身长、体重、上臂围及头围,以上臂围/头围比值、WLZ、WAZ、LAZ评分值及Kaup指数评估婴幼儿体格发育水平和营养状态。结果如下:(1)相同月龄时,3种喂养方式下0~12月龄婴幼儿头围和上臂围差异不显著(P>0.05),身长和体重差异显著(P<0.05);(2)上臂围/头围比值表明,母乳喂养组营养正常婴幼儿占比最高(95.6%),轻、中度营养不良婴幼儿占比最低(4.4%);(3)年龄别体重Z评分、年龄别身长Z评分和身长别体重Z评分值显示,母乳喂养组体格发育正常婴儿占比最高(72.82%),混合喂养组高体重婴儿占比(23.26%)介于婴儿配方羊乳粉喂养组(35.71%)和母乳喂养组(22.83%)之间;(4)Kaup指数表明,母乳喂养组营养正常婴幼儿占比最高(88.04%),婴儿配方羊乳粉喂养组优良、有偏胖趋向婴幼儿占比偏高(24.29%),混合喂养组为18.86%。研究表明母乳为婴幼儿首要推荐喂养方式。

To explore the physical development and nutritional status of infants aged 0-12 months under breast milk、formula goat milk powder and their mixed feeding, so as to provide data reference for scientific feeding guidance of infants. The body length, weight, upper arm circumference and head circumference, the ratio of upper arm circumference to head circumference, weight-for-length z-score, weight-for-age z-score, length-for-age z-score and Kaup index of healthy infants aged 0-12 months were measured under breast milk(92 infants), sheep milk powder(140 infants) and mixed feeding(86 infants). The results as follow:(1) At the same age, there was no significant difference in head circumference and upper arm circumference(P>0.05), but there was significant difference in body length and weight(P<0.05);(2) The ratio of upper arm circumference to head circumference showed that the proportion of infants with normal nutrition was the highest(95.6%), and the proportion of infants with mild and moderate malnutrition was the lowest(4.4%);(3) The weight-for-length z-score, weight-for-age z-score,length-for-age z-score showed that the proportion of infants with normal physical development in the breastfeeding group was the highest(72.82%), and the proportion of high-weight infants in the mixed feeding group(23.26%) was between the infant feeding group with sheep milk powder(35.71%) and the breastfeeding group(22.83%);(4) The Kaup index showed that the proportion of infants with normal nutrition in the breast feeding group was the highest(88.04%), the proportion of infants with excellent and fat tendency in the infant feeding group was high(24.29%), and the proportion of infants in the mixed feeding group was 18.86%. Research shows breast milk is the first recommended feeding method for infants.