共同富裕目标下城市规模对职工收入的影响效应——基于中国281个地级市面板数据的实证分析

Effect of City Scale on Employees’Income under Goal of Common Prosperity

提高职工收入是推动城市经济高质量发展,迈上共同富裕之路的重要举措。在共同富裕目标下,基于中国2006—2019年地级市的面板数据,借助固定效应模型和随机效应模型,分阶段实证分析了城市规模对职工收入的影响效应及异质性。研究表明:第一阶段(2006—2016年),在挤出效应和竞争效应作用下,城市道路建设对职工收入提高有负效应,且城市人口增长对职工收入的正效应不显著;第二阶段(2017—2019年),城市规模对职工收入影响体现为正向拉动效应;进一步分析发现,城市规模对职工收入影响存在异质性,城市规模对大城市职工收入的正效应更明显。另外,推动公共服务高质量发展是实现共同富裕目标的内在需求,长期来看,地方财政更多地投入城市义务教育等民生支出可能比用于基础设施建设的收入效应更为显著。因此,应保持适度的城市规模扩张、优化城市产业结构布局、加大城市民生投入,逐步强化城市规模对职工收入的正效应。

Raising employees’income is an important measure to promote the high-quality development of urban economy and embark on the road of common prosperity.Under the goal of common prosperity,based on the panel data of prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2019,with the help of fixed effect model and random effect model,this paper empirically analyzes the effect and heterogeneity of city scale on employees’income in stages.The research shows that in the first stage(2006-2016),under the effect of crowding-out effect and competition effect,urban road construction has a negative effect on the increase of employees’income,and the positive effect of urban population growth on employees’income is not significant.Comparatively speaking in the second stage(2017-2019),the impact of city scale on employees’income is reflected in a positive pull effect;further analysis finds that the impact of city scale on employees’income is heterogeneous,and the positive effect of city scale on employees’income in large cities is more obvious.In addition,promoting the highquality development of public service is the internal demand to achieve the goal of common prosperity.In the long term,more local fiscal investment in urban compulsory education and other people’s livelihood expenditures may be more significant than that used for infrastructure construction.Therefore,it is necessary to maintain a moderate expansion of city scale and optimize the layout of urban industrial structure,increase investment in urban people’s livelihood,and gradually strengthen the positive effect of city scale on employees’income.