宽带吸收和高阻盐光热转换NiCoP@NF多级结构材料的制备与性能

Preparation and properties of photothermal conversion NiCoP@NF hierarchical structure material with wide-band absorption and high salt resistance

为实现低成本且高效的海水淡化,通过水热反应和化学气相沉积在泡沫镍(NF)上构筑层次化结构,原位生长了海胆状磷化镍钴(SU-NiCoP)和纳米花状磷化镍钴(FL-NiCoP),制备了多级结构材料。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、紫外-可见-近红外吸收光谱(UV-vis-NIR)和红外热成像(IR)等分析了该多级结构材料的微观形貌、晶体结构、表面化学状态和光热转换性能。结果表明:多级结构材料具有多孔结构和粗糙表面,使入射太阳光在其内部产生多次散射,并在空气/水界面将其转化为热量;在一个太阳光照强度下(1000W/m^(2)),多级结构材料的全光谱吸收率最高可达98.0%、蒸发速率最高达到1.51kg/(m^(2)·h),太阳光-蒸汽转换效率分别达到了81.7%和96.1%;疏水处理进一步提高了该太阳能光热转换蒸发器的高阻盐性,可以在高质量分数(质量分数10%)的NaCl溶液中长时间保持蒸发性能,赋予该材料优异的循环稳定性和高阻盐性。

In order to realize low-cost and efficient sea water desalination,a hierarchical structure was built on nickel foam(NF)by hydrothermal reaction and chemical vapor deposition,sea-urchin-like NiCoP(SU-NiCoP)and nanoflower-like NiCoP(FL-NiCoP)were grown in-situ and a hierarchical structure material was prepared.The microstructure,crystal structure,surface chemistry and photothermal conversion properties of this hierarchical structure material were analyzed by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy spectrum analysis(EDS),X-ray diffractometer(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-visible-near infrared absorption spectrum(UV-vis-NIR)and infrared thermal imaging(IR),etc.The results show that this hierarchical structure material has porous structure and a rough surface,which can cause the incident sunlight in it to have multiple scattering and convert it into heat at the air/water interface.Under the solar irradiation intensity of 1000W/m^(2),the highest full-spectrum absorption rate of the hierarchical structure material is up to 98.0%,the highest evaporation rate is 1.51kg/(m^(2)·h),and the solar-to-steam efficiencies reach 81.7%and 96.1%respectively.Hydrophobic treatment further promotes the high salt resistance of this solar photothermal conversion evaporator,which can maintain evaporation properties in NaCl solution with a high mass fraction(10%)for a long time,endowing this material with excellent cyclic stability and high salt resistance.