生存-关系-成长需要理论视角下护理本科生实习期间激励需求的质性研究

Requirement of incentivesto undergraduate nursing interns: a qualitative study from the perspective of existence-relatedness-growth needs theory

目的 深入了解基于生存-关系-成长需要理论(existence-relatedness-growth theory, ERG)视角下护理本科生实习期间激励需求的真实感受,为制定护理本科实习生的激励措施提供参考依据。方法 采用目的抽样法,2021年1月至3月,选取在广州市3所三级甲等综合医院实习的护理本科生12名,基于ERG视角构建访谈提纲并进行半结构式访谈,采用Nvivo 11.0软件和运用直接内容分析法对访谈资料进行编码、分析和提炼主题。结果 提炼出3个主题和8个副主题,包括生存需求,体现在环境适应、角色转变;关系需求,体现在师生关系、护患关系、同伴关系;成长需求,体现在个人专业技能提升、未来职业规划、物质与精神奖励。结论 护理管理者和临床带教老师应根据护理本科实习生的激励需求来构建实习方案,以激发其积极性、增强职业认同感,从而稳定护理人才队伍。

Objective To explore the actual feelings of nursing undergraduate internsin relation to the incentive needs based on the existence-relatedness-growth theory andto provide a reference for formulating incentive measures forundergraduate nursing interns.Methods With ap urpose sampling method, 12 undergraduate nursing interns were enrolled in the study in a tertiary hospital in GuangzhoubetweenJanuary andMarch 2021. Interview outlines were constructed based on the perspective of ERG theoryand semi-structured interviewswereconducted. Nvivo 11.0 software and direct content analysis were used to encode, analyse and extract the data collected from interview. Results Three themes and eight sub-themes were extracted, including existence needsreflected inenvironmental adaptation and role transition;relatedness needsreflected inteacher-student relatedness, nurse-patient relatedness and peer relatedness;growth needs reflected inpersonal professional skills enhancement, futurecareer planning, material and spiritual rewards. Conclusions Nursing managersand teachers should construct internship programs according to the incentive needs of nursing undergraduate interns, so as to encouragethe internship enthusiasm, enhance the professional identity, and stabilise the nursing team.