“西方音乐史”与“欧洲音乐史”--试论“音乐作品”与当下汉语语境中的音乐史学研究

"Western Music History"and"European Music History"--On"musical works"and the study of music history in the current Chinese Context

“历史音乐学”(Historical musicology)来自现代西方人文学术语境,主要以欧洲文明中的音乐为研究对象。移植到现代汉语语境之后,产生了“西方音乐史”这一学术领域。音乐作品与文本(手抄、印刷)的结合,使得文本研究与细读长期以来成为音乐史学研究的基本方法(其中纳入了音乐形态分析的手段)。“作品”的文化机制,既是19世纪欧洲资产阶级音乐生活的基础,亦是这一学科的核心观念。20世纪,随着近代欧洲文明的衰落(实质是资产阶级对于经济、政治和文化生活的控制力的丧失),“作品式”音乐成了某种象牙塔式的夕阳艺术,对现代西方文明的实际影响逐渐式微。20世纪晚期以降,历史学传统的人文学科特色愈来愈受到社会科学方法的刷新,而音乐人类学的勃兴则极大地改变了传统音乐学的视域,“作品”机制开始被音乐史研究者所扬弃。对于当下中国的“西方音乐史”学者而言,基于本位意识对于“音乐作品”与“西方音乐史”学科关系的反思,可能会对这一专业未来在汉语语境中的发展提供一点借鉴。

"Historical musicology"comes from the context of modern Western humanities,and mainly focuses on music in European civilization.After being transplanted into the modern Chinese context,the academic field of"Western Music History"came into being.The combination of musical works and texts(hand copied and printed)has made text research and close reading the basic method of music history research for a long time(including the means of music morphological analysis).The cultural mechanism of"works"is not only the basis of the music life of the European bourgeoisie in the 19th century,but also the core concept of this discipline.In the 20th century,with the decline of modern European civilization(in essence,the loss of the control of the bourgeoisie over economic,political,and cultural life),"work-type"music became a kind of sunset art of ivory tower,and its actual impact on modern Western civilization gradually diminished.Since the late 20th century,the characteristics of the traditional humanities of history have been more and more refreshed by the methods of social science,while the rise of music anthropology has greatly changed the vision of traditional musicology.The mechanism of"works"has been abandoned by the researchers of music history.For the current Chinese"Western music history"scholars,the reflection on the relationship between"musical works"and"Western music history"based on the self-consciousness may provide some reference for the future development of this major in the Chinese context.