女性与音乐

Women and Music

受20世纪初女性主义理论影响,女性音乐成为当代音乐学领域最为独特的研究视角之一。在西方,女性音乐研究最初以搜集女性参与音乐的活动与作品为主,后来逐渐扩大到对民族音乐学与社会性别、文化身份与社会性别、女性批评与社会性别的研究。而在中国,女性音乐研究更侧重于民族音乐学学科属性,它摒弃了西方性别身份的对立性,强调女性身份在音乐中的“特殊”存在,形成了独特的“性别中立”立场;同时关注女性仪式音乐的本土化建构,即仪式展演中的“括弧仪式”与“叠置仪式”为理解女性与音乐研究提供了新思路,并强调从性别之外的社会、文化、阶层、民族、情感等方面思考两性关系及在差异中追求平等的多元化性别研究。

Influenced by feminist theory in the early 20 th centur y,women music has become one of the most unique research perspectives in the field of contemporary musicology.In the West,it initially focused on collecting the activities and works of women involved in music,and then gradually expanded to the study of ethnomusicology and social gender,cultural identity and social gender,and female criticism and social gender.In China,however,women music research focuses more on the disciplinary attributes of ethnomusicology.It abandons the opposition of Western gender identities,emphasizes the"special"existence of female identities in music,and forms a unique"gender neutral"position.This paper traces the origin of Chinese and Western female music studies,especially focuses on the localization construction of Chinese female ritual music from the perspective of ethnomusicology,expounds the transformation of female music from"people and music"to"gender and music"under the influence of postmodern academic background,and emphasizes the diversity of gender studies that consider gender relations and pursue equality in differences from aspects other than gender,such as society,culture,class,ethnicity,and emotion.