2017年—2021年深圳光明区手足口病流行特征及其病原学分析

Epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease in Guangming District of Shenzhen from 2017 to 2021

目的 分析辖区手足口病(HFMD)流行特征及其病原谱系,探索感染病毒型别与症状的关联性,为诊断及精准防控提供科学依据。方法 采集辖区2017年—2021年有HFDM临床症状病例信息资料及检材,检测病毒型别,采用SPSS 20.0软件对其流行特性统计分析。结果 手足口病例病毒检出率为92.70%,EV-A71占2.25%,CV-A10占3.60%,EVUN占13.23%,CV-A16占16.65%,CV-A6占64.27%,CV-A6为高流行株。病毒分型间混合感染7例,占0.59%,CV-A16、CV-A10混合感染4例,CV-A16、CV-A6混合感染3例,重复感染2例,EVUN感染康复再次感染CV-A6,EV-A71感染康复再次感染CV-A6。病例集中在0岁~3岁,占全部病例的86.68%,HFMD病例临床表现因所感染病毒型别不同存在差异。结论 2017年—2021年辖区HFMD病毒分型主要是CV-A6,EV-A71感染有所下降,HFMD监测应关注毒株型别及多型别混合感染。推动HFMD疫苗接种,构建免疫屏障,仍是降低HFMD感染及重症病例发生的主要措施,学龄前儿童HFMD防控仍需关注。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in the Guangming District,explore the correlation between enterovirus genotype and symptoms,and provide scientific basis for the diagnosis and precise prevention and control of HFMD.Methods The corresponding case information and clinical symptom data were collected from patients with clinical symptoms of HFMD in the district from 2017 to 2021.The virus types were detected and the prevalence characteristics were statistically analyzed by SPSS 20.0 software.Results The detection rate of HFMD virus was 92.70%,including 2.25% EV-A71,3.60% CV-A10,13.23% EVUN,16.65% CV-A16 and 64.27% CV-A6.CV-A6 was a high epidemic strain.There were 7 cases of mixed infection among virus types(0.59%),4 cases of mixed infection of CV-A16 and CV-A10,3 cases of mixed infection of CV-A16 and CV-A6,and 2 cases of repeated infection.EVUN infection recovered and CV-A6 was re-infected,EV-A71 infection recovered and CV-A6 was re-infected.The cases were concentrated in 0-3 years old,accounting for 86.68% of the total cases.The clinical manifestations of HFMD patients were different due to different virus types.Conclusion From 2017 to 2021,the main type of HFMD virus in the jurisdiction was CV-A6,and EV-A71 infection decreased.HFMD surveillance should pay attention to virus type and multi-type mixed infection.Promoting HFMD vaccination and building an immune barrier are still the main measures to reduce HFMD infection and severe cases,and the prevention and control of HFMD in preschool children still needs attention.