1265例HIV快检可疑样本的酶联免疫吸附试验和免疫印迹试验结果分析

Analysis of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and WB results of 1 265 suspicious HIV samples in rapid detection

目的 分析1 265例人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)快速检测可疑样本的酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫印迹试验(WB)结果,了解胶体金、ELISA和WB 3种实验方法的一致性和相关性。方法 选取2018年1月—2021年6月平顶山市疾病预防控制中心艾滋病确证实验室检测的1 265例HIV快检可疑样本为研究对象,分析其一般信息和3种实验结果。设置ELISA结果 S/CO≥6.0、1.0≤S/CO <6.0、0.0 <S/CO <1.0,统计分析3组间WB条带分布。结果 1 265例HIV快检可疑阳性样本中,ELISA实验阳性共1 242例,占比98.18%;WB实验HIV抗体阳性1 098例,占比86.80%。WB带型统计,gp160、 p24和gp41的检出率最高,分别为90.67%、84.35%和82.21%。按照3组ELISA实验不同S/CO值区间和WB条带检出情况统计,单个条带检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),S/CO值越高,条带检出率越高;全带和未检出特异条带发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),S/CO值越高,WB全带发生率越高,S/CO值越低,无特异性条带发生率最高。结论 综合分析3种HIV实验方法和结果,快速检测、ELISA和WB 3种实验的一致性依次降低;随着快检样本S/CO值增高,各WB条带检出率和全带发生率增加。

Objective To understand the consistency and correlation of colloidal gold,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and WB by analyzing the results of ELISA and WB bands of 1 265 suspected HIV samples.Methods A total of1 265 suspicious HIV cases in rapid detection from January 2018 to June 2021 in AIDS Control Laboratory of Pingdingshan Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention were selected as the subjects.The general information and three experimental results were analyzed.ELISA results S/CO≥6.0,1.0≤S/CO < 6.0,0.0 < S/CO < 1.0 were set up to analyze the distribution of WB bands between the three groups.Results Among the 1 265 suspected positive samples for HIV rapid test,1 242cases were positive by ELISA test,accounting for 98.18%;1 098 cases were HIV antibody positive by WB test,accounting for86.80%.WB band type statistic analysis showed that gp160,p24 and gp41 had the highest detection rates of 90.67%,84.35% and 82.21%.According to the statistics of different S/CO value interval and WB band detection in the three groups,there was statistical significance on the differences in the detection rate of single band(P< 0.01).The higher S/CO value,the higher the band detection rate.There was also statistical significance on the difference in the incidence of WB whole band and no specific band(P< 0.01).The higher S/CO value,the higher the incidence of WB whole band,the lower S/CO value,and the highest incidence was observed on unspecific band.Conclusion Comprehensive analysis of the three HIV test methods and results showed that the consistency of rapid detection,ELISA and WB decreased successively.With the increase of S/CO value,the detection rate of each WB band and the incidence of the whole band increase.