朱彝尊《鸳鸯湖棹歌》中的嘉兴运河文化研究

A Study on Jiaxing’s Canal Culture in Zhu Yizun’s Yuanyanghu Zhaoge

《鸳鸯湖棹歌》并不是朱彝尊本人最看重的作品,但却是他作品中极为特殊的一部分,被称为“有韵的地方志”。从《鸳鸯湖棹歌》里描绘的水乡文化的重要成因——湖泊与河流,再到湖泊与河流背后的情感折射——思乡之情,找到了“大运河”这条线索,把诗歌中“名胜古迹”“地方特产”“经济贸易”“风情民俗”“历史人物”等描写串联在一起。从创作背景上看,竹枝词和棹歌等民歌的合流以及朱彝尊在异乡漂泊时对故乡的怀念,是其诞生的主要原因;从内容上看,风土百咏组诗看似散漫,实则亦有自己的逻辑体系;从运河与嘉兴、运河与诗人两方面论述了为什么运河文化成为《鸳鸯湖棹歌》的逻辑主线,大运河是怎样将诗歌中描写的名胜古迹、繁荣的经济贸易、水乡文化民俗等内容紧密联结起来的。

Yuanyanghu Zhaoge may not be the work that Zhu Yizun values most,but it is a very special one in his oeuvre and is called the local chronicles with rhyme.From the important factor of the formation of water town culture described in Yuanyanghu Zhaoge——lakes and rivers,and then from the emotion reflected in the lakes and rivers——homesickness,this paper finds out the clue——the“Grand Canal”that connects the descriptions of“scenic spots and historical sites”“local specialities”“economy and trade”“folk customs”and“historical figures”.From the perspective of the background of writing,the integration of zhuzhi ci,zhaoge and other folk poems and Zhu Yizun’s homesickness when he was drifting far away from home are the two main reasons for the writing of this series of poems.From the perspective of content,this series of poems on local customs,though seems unorganized,has its logical system.This paper expounds on why the canal culture becomes the main line of Yuanyanghu Zhaoge on the aspects of the canal and Jiaxing,and the canal and the poet,and demonstrates how the Grand Canal tightly connects various contents such as the historical sites,the booming economy and trades and the folk customs of water town.