鞋具对老年人身体稳定性影响的系统综述

Effects of Footwear on the Stability of Older Adults:A Systematic Review

随着年龄增长,老年人对身体平衡的控制能力下降,容易引起跌倒。鞋具作为人体与地面接触的关键要素,其特征对老年人身体稳定性起着重要作用。本文对鞋具特征与老年人身体稳定性相关文献进行系统回顾,分析鞋具对老年人身体稳定性的影响。结果显示,穿着鞋带或粘扣等束缚物、鞋跟低、鞋底较宽且合脚的鞋,或者使用振动鞋垫和支撑性鞋垫有助于改善老年人身体稳定性;鞋底跷度过大、硬度过小可能对老年人身体稳定性存在不利影响。研究结果可为老年人合理选鞋及企业鞋具设计制造以预防跌倒提供理论依据。

Older adults have decreased control of body balance with aging and are prone to fall.As the primary point of contact between human body and ground,footwear is critical for stability of older adults.The relationship between shoe characteristics and stability of older adults was systematically reviewed to determine the effect of footwear characteristics on stability of older adults.The results show that wearing shoes with shoelaces or velcro,low heels,wide outsole and appropriate soles,or using vibrating insoles and arch support insoles can help older adults improve their stability.Excessive sole spring and low sole hardness may have adverse effects on stability of older adults.This study can provide theoretical references for older adults to choose shoes reasonably and for the manufacturers to design and make shoes to prevent falls.