上声的习得与教学问题

Acquisition and Pedagogical Issues of the Third Tone

汉语声调的上声(即“三声”)是二语习得中的难点。本文结合汉语语音本体研究成果,从上声的语音特点出发,分析此声调在二语习得中常见的偏误类型及其原因,并提出相应的教学建议。本文指出,上声的单字调(即“全三声”)与其在语流中的连读调(即“半三声”)具有不同的语音特点。语音理论研究对上声的本调及变体问题得出的不同结论影响着声调教材以及具体教学内容与方式,汉语声调的教学应根据声调在语流中的特性来安排教学重点,教材应及时反映上声研究的成果,以取得更好的声调教学效果。

The third tone is one of the most challenging tones in Mandarin Chinese for second language learners.Based on the results of Chinese phonological studies,this paper examines the phonetic and phonological characteristics of the third tone,surveys a few common error patterns made by second language learners in past research studies,and puts forward pedagogical suggestions.This paper states that the citation form of the third tone(i.e.,the“full third tone”)and the base form in connected speech(i.e.,the“half third tone”)are different in terms of phonetic properties.The research findings about the third tone in theoretical studies significantly influence the teaching practice,including the teaching materials and the teaching methods.The teaching of Chinese tones should be arranged based on the characteristics of tones in connected speech,and the teaching materials should reflect the latest research findings about the third tone in Mandarin Chinese in order to improve tone pedagogy.