巨噬细胞在肿瘤发展及治疗中的研究进展

Advances in Research of Macrophages in Tumor Development and Therapy

巨噬细胞具有吞噬和消化外来物质的功能,可以清除包括细胞碎片和肿瘤细胞在内的有害物质。基于内环境等条件,循环单核细胞产生成熟的巨噬细胞,在特定的条件下,巨噬细胞会被募集到肿瘤微环境中并转化为肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(tumor-associated macrophages,TAMs)。通常,巨噬细胞极化为两个亚群,即经典活化的巨噬细胞(M1)和交替活化的巨噬细胞(M2)。M2型和一小部分M1细胞,也被称为TAMs,这类TAMs不仅缺乏吞噬肿瘤细胞的功能,还协助肿瘤细胞逃避杀伤,帮助它们扩散到其他组织和器官。该综述梳理了巨噬细胞在肿瘤细胞免疫调节中发挥作用的主要机制,并评述了各种基于巨噬细胞的肿瘤靶向治疗策略,以期为进一步研究以巨噬细胞为中心的治疗策略及其在临床实践中的应用提供借鉴。

Macrophages which have the functions of engulfing and digesting foreign substances may remove harmful substances,including cell debris and tumor cells.Based on the conditions of internal environment,circulating monocytes generate mature macrophages,which can be recruited into tumor microenvironment and converted into TAMs(tumor-associated macrophages)in suitable conditions.Generally,macrophages grow into two populations,known as classically activated macrophages(M1)and alternatively activated macrophages(M2).M2 and a small part of M1 cells,also known as TAMs,not only lack the ability to engulf tumor cells,but also facilite tumor cells evade being killed and spread to other tissues and organs.This review summarized the main mechanisms of macrophages’role in immune regulation of tumor cells,and reviewed various target therapy strategies based on macrophages,in order to provide reference for further research on macrophage-based therapy strategies and its application in clinical practice.