行政诉讼“利害关系”的初步证明责任标准——“宝鸡市恒信永业房地产开发有限公司诉宝鸡市人民政府强制拆除案”评析

Standard of preliminary burden of proof of"interest relationship"for administrative litigation:on the forced demolition lawsuit of Hengxin Yongye Real Estate Company against Baoji Municipal People′s Government

与被诉行政行为存在法律上的利害关系,是行政诉讼的重要启动要件及确定原告资格问题的核心意涵。在“宝鸡市恒信永业房地产开发有限公司诉宝鸡市人民政府强制拆除案”中,根据宝鸡市恒信永业房地产开发有限公司提交的相关证据材料,一审、二审法院均认为其与被诉强制拆除行为不具有利害关系,作出驳回起诉和上诉的裁定结论。然而,最高人民法院通过再审程序重申和确立了行政诉讼“利害关系”的证明责任标准:即起诉人在起诉阶段仅仅需要对“利害关系”的客观存在承担初步的、表面成立的证明责任,并且在起诉阶段法院不能以当事人诉争的权益可能不合法等实体理由否定起诉人的诉讼权利,应当在全面审查案件的实体内容之后再行作出判断。此种裁判思路不失为一种具有权利保障性且有利于实质性化解行政争议的裁判路径。

The existence of a legal interest relationship with the sued administrative act is an important starting element of administrative litigation and the core to determine the qualification of the plaintiff.In the lawsuit over forced demolition by Hengxin Yongye Real Estate Company against Baoji Municipal People′s Government,both the courts of first and second instance considered that the real estate company had no interest in the sued forced demolition behavior based on the evidence material it had submitted,and thus rejected its prosecution and appealing.However,through the retrial procedure,the Supreme People′s court has reiterated and established the standard for the proof of"interest relationship"in administrative litigation.The plaintiff only needs to bear the preliminary and superficially established burden of proof for the objective existence of"interest relationship"in the prosecution stage,during which the court cannot deny the plaintiff′s litigation rights on the basis of substantive reasons such as that the plaintiff′s rights and interests may be illegal.It should make the judgment after a comprehensive review of the substantive part of the case.This judging idea can be regarded to be beneficial for the right protection and substantive resolution of administrative disputes.