内蒙古张呼片晋语的入声调

On the entering tone in Zhanghu cluster of the Jin group in Inner Mongolia

内蒙古张呼片晋语分布在内蒙古中部13个市县旗,单字调4个:平声、上声、去声、入声。从来源看,源于深臻曾梗三四等通的,保留入声调;源于咸山、宕江、梗二等的,清入字、文词儿或借入的词(折合成晋语的读音)里用到的浊入字,也保留入声调,土词儿用到的浊入字已经舒化,浊入少数归上声,全浊入多数归平声、次浊入归去声。说明该片晋语的入声调曾经分阴入(清入)、阳入(浊入),之后阳入往两个方向变:土词儿多舒化,文词儿或借入的词多归阴入(清入)。浊入按调值舒化归上声、浊入归清入是晋语的方式;全浊入归平声、次浊入归去声,是用了官话方言的方式。

In the Zhanghu cluster of the Jin group spoken in 13 cities of central Inner Mongolia,there are 4 types of tones,the ping(level tone),shang(falling-rising tone),qu(falling tone)and ru(entering tone with a glottal stop).The entering tone of MC shen(深),zhen(臻),zeng(曾),geng(梗,third and fourth divisions)and tong(通)groups still remains in modern days.As for words of MC xian(咸),shan(山),dang(宕),jiang(江)and geng(梗,second division)groups,the entering tone of literary words and loanwords with voiced initial as well as those with unvoiced initial also remains;Colloquial words with voiced initial,on the other hand,have changed into falling-rising tone,level tone or falling tone.Therefore,the paper suggests that the entering tone in Zhanghu cluster of Jin group can be divided into yinru tone(with unvoiced initial)and yangru tone(with voiced initial).The merge of entering tone into falling-rising tone in colloquial words and the merge of literary words and loanwords with voiced initial into yinru tone should be regarded as a diachronic change of the Jin group.The merge of entering tone into level tone and falling tone is supposed to have been influenced by the surrounding Mandarin dialects.