社会化服务能否促进农户林业生产要素的投入?——基于林业病虫害统防统治服务调查

The Study of the Effect of Socialized Services on Farmers’Forestry Production Factors——An investigation on Forestry Disease and Insect Pest Control and Governance Services

基于全国6省(区)2031个农户的调查数据,以病虫害统防统治服务为例,运用内生转换模型,探寻分工深化背景下的社会化服务对农户林业生产要素投入的影响机理。研究发现:基于反事实假设,病虫害统防统治服务显著提升了农户生产要素的投入水平,比未采用组提高了0.0836。分项而言,农户若不采用服务,林业资金投入和劳动力投入将分别下降2.2607、0.4692。进一步的分析表明,该服务对林业生产要素投入的影响效应具有区域差异,在东部地区能显著提高农户资金投入和劳动力投入水平,西部地区则完全相反。同时,资金投入和劳动力投入之间存在较强的互补性,总体、采用组和未采用组的要素替代弹性分别为0.5210、0.4570和0.5960。病虫害统防统治服务能显著激活农户林业生产要素配置水平,但采用单一环节的社会化服务,并不能达到节约资金或劳动力投入总量的目的;为了匹配社会化服务的要求,农户往往会选择追加资金和劳动力的投入量,以达到要素配置最优水平。因此,政府应进一步完善林业建设水平,提供符合农户现实需求的林业社会化服务,缓解现实中农户经营林业面临的困难。

To clarify the impact mechanism of Forestry Socialization Services(FSS)on farmers’Forestry Production Factors Inputs(FPFI)and to provide a scientific basis for improving the government purchases of public service supply systems,this paper uses the endogenous swtiching model to explore the impact of the FSS on the FPFI of farm households with the deepening of the division of labor by2031 households in 6 provinces(regions)in China.The research found that based on counterfactual assumptions,the FSS significantly increased the farmers’FPFI,which was 0.0836 higher than that of the group which did not use the service.Conversely,if the farmer did not use the service,their capital input and labor input per mu would drop by 2.2607 and 0.4692.Further analysis suggests that the effect of FSS on FPFI was region-specific.It significantly increased the rural householders’capital investment per mu and labor input per mu in the Eastern Region while the opposite was true in the Western Region.The relationship between capital and labor input was highly complementary in the current forestry production with the factor substitution elasticities of 0.5210,0.4570 and 0.5960 for the overall sample,the user group and the nonuser group sample respectively.The services could significantly activate the allocation level of the farmers’forestry production factor,but choosing a single social service could not achieve the goal of saving funds or labor input in total.To match the requirements of the FSS,farmers often increase the investment in capital and labor per mu.Therefore,the government should further improve the system of the FSS,which meets the actual needs of farmers and ease the difficulties farmers face in forest management.