外泌体在电离辐射下的作用机制研究进展

Progress of the mechanism of exosomes under ionizing radiation

放射治疗是恶性肿瘤局部治疗的重要方式之一,但放射治疗疗效的提高仍然面临诸多挑战。外泌体是来源于细胞内的一种细胞外囊泡,可以作为调节细胞间通信的中介。外泌体在放射治疗的电离辐射作用下对放射治疗效果产生重要调控作用。目前研究指出,电离辐射刺激外泌体释放并影响外泌体内RNA及蛋白质等内部成分。外泌体中特定的RNA和蛋白质等功能成分在放射治疗过程中对恶性肿瘤的放射敏感性、放射性损伤的产生与修复、免疫应答以及放射治疗的旁观者效应均有重要的调控作用。因此,本研究探讨外泌体在放射治疗过程中的作用机制,旨在为提高恶性肿瘤的放射治疗疗效提供新方向和思路。

Radiation therapy is one of the important methods for local therapy of malignant tumors, but there are still many challenges to improve the efficacy of radiation therapy.Exosomes are one type of cell-derived vesicle and serve as an important pathway for signal exchange between cells.In addition, exosomes play an important role in regulating the effects of radiation therapy under ionizing radiation.Recent research pointed out that ionizing radiation can stimulate exosomes to release and affect internal components such as RNA and proteins within the exosomes.The specific functional components such as RNAs and proteins in exosomes play an important intermediary role in the signal transduction process of intercellular communication.These functional components have significant effects on the radiosensitivity of malignant tumors, the radiation damage, the immune response, and the bystander effects of radiation therapy.Therefore, the mechanism of exosomes in radiotherapy was explored to provide new directions and ideas for improving the efficacy of radiotherapy for malignant tumors.