脑转移瘤免疫治疗临床进展

Clinical progress of immunotherapy for brain metastases

脑转移瘤是成人中枢神经系统中最常见的继发性肿瘤类型之一,约占脑恶性肿瘤的20%。大多数脑转移瘤起源于肺癌、黑色素瘤、乳腺癌和肾癌。影像检查技术的进步和抗肿瘤治疗方法的日益有效延长了癌症患者的生存期,使原发肿瘤有机会扩散到大脑,增加了脑转移瘤的发病率。脑转移瘤的治疗主要包括手术、放疗和化疗。近年来,免疫治疗作为一种新的治疗方法在多个肿瘤领域取得巨大成效。其中免疫检查点抑制剂(ICIs)在脑转移瘤方面的研究也有较大进展,部分ICIs表现出了较高的颅内疾病控制率,延长了脑转移瘤患者肿瘤无进展时间及总生存期。

Brain metastases are the most common secondary tumor type in the adult central nervous system, accounting for approximately 20% of brain malignancies.Most brain metastases originate from the lung, melanoma, breast and kidney cancers.Advances in imaging techniques and increasingly effective anti-tumor treatments have extended the survival of cancer patients, given the opportunity for primary tumors to spread to the brain, and increased the incidence of brain metastases.The treatment of brain metastases mainly includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.In recent years,immunotherapy as a new treatment method has achieved great results in many tumor fields.Among them,the research of immune checkpoint inhibitors in brain metastases has also made great progress.Some immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown a high intracranial disease control rate,prolonging the tumor progression-free time and overall survival of patients with brain metastases.This article reviews the clinical efficacy and limitations of immunotherapy in the treatment of brain metastases.