董仲舒与司马迁对“白鱼赤乌”与“天命”传承的阐发

Dong Zhongshu’s and Sima Qian’s Inheritance of “Mandate of Heaven” in the Legend of “White Fish and Red Crow”

司马迁和董仲舒有师承关系。司马迁和董仲舒都对有关周文王的白鱼赤乌传说显现出来的天命论有所关心。相对于董仲舒以“天人合一”论改造发展了王者受命于天的天命论,司马迁则是在编撰《史记》时编插入白鱼赤乌之类的神话故事来表述“究天人之际”的历史观。二者使用的方法有所不同,但是在以天命传承为“大一统”意识形态的理论核心方面殊途同归。

Dong Zhongshu was the mentor of Sima Qian. Both of them were concerned about the mandate of heaven manifested in Zhou Wenwang’s legend of white fish and red crow. Dong Zhongshu transformed and developed the theory of ma date of heaven that the king is mandated by heaven into the theory of “unity of heaven and man”, while Sima Qian used the legend of white fish and red crow when compiling the Records of the Historian to express the view of history that the relationship between heaven and man was explored through historical facts. The methods used by the two are different, but they reach the same goal in terms of taking the inheritance of the mandate of heaven as the theoretical core of the ideology of “great unity”.