家庭社会经济地位如何影响大学生就业风险——父母参与和学业成就的中介效应

Socioeconomic Status and Employment Risk of College Graduates:The Mediating Effect of Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement

本文基于文化资本与人力资本结合的研究视角,采用结构方程模型的实证研究发现,父母参与和学业成就在家庭社会经济地位对就业风险的影响中发挥中介效应,即家庭社会经济地位对大学生失业风险的影响主要通过学业成就的独立中介或父母参与和学业成就的链式中介发挥间接负效应,而对大学生职业风险的影响则基本完全通过父母参与和学业成就的链式中介产生间接负效应。而且在排除家庭社会经济地位的影响之后,大学生学业成就依然影响了父母参与对失业风险和职业风险的作用,尽管不同家庭社会经济地位因素对它们的关系强度也产生一定影响。进一步研究还发现,大学生家庭社会经济地位对失业风险的作用路径具有一定的族群差异和城乡差异,对职业风险的作用路径则具有一定的性别差异。这些研究发现有助于理解为什么低社会经济地位家庭的大学生失业风险和职业风险更高,为如何降低大学生就业风险的阶层差异提供了参考路径。

Based on the combination of cultural capital and human capital,the empirical research using structural equation modeling reveals that parental involvement and academic achievement play a mediating role on the effect of family’s socioeconomic status(SES)on employment risk of college graduates. In other words,SES mainly exerts indirect negative effect on graduates’ unemployment risk through the independent intermediary of academic achievement or the chain intermediary of parental involvement and academic achievement,and it has an indirect negative effect on graduates’ professional risk through the chain intermediary of parental involvement and academic achievement. Moreover,after excluding the influence of SES,graduates’ academic achievement still mediates the impact of parental involvement on unemployment risk and professional risk,although different factors of SES also have a certain influence on the strength of their relationship. We also find that there are some differences between different ethnic groups as well as between urban and rural graduates in the path of SES on unemployment risk,and some gender differences in the path of SES on professional risk. These findings are helpful to understand why college graduates from low SES families have higher unemployment risk and professional risk,and provide a reference path for how to reduce the class difference of graduates’ employment risk.